Piąta fala konkurencji

• Autorzy: Adam Noga

Warianty tytułu

The Fifth Theoretical Approach to the Very Nature of Competitiveness

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Autor wyodrębnił pięć fal konkurencji między przedsiębiorstwami. Omówił ich cechy wspólne, wzajemne przeplatanie się, poglądy różnych szkół ekonomicznych (harvardzkiej, chicagowskiej, ewolucjonistycznej, ultraliberalnej, rynków kontestowalnych) na poszczególne fale oraz typologię struktur rynkowych przed i po piątej fali konkurencji. Do typów struktur zaliczono: konkurencję doskonałą, monopolistyczną, oligopol, pozycję dominującą, pozycję monopolistyczną, monopol, konkurencję czynnościową, dążenie do zostania liderem, rynki kontestowalne i konkurencję wirtualną.

EN

We are now witnessing the birth of the fifth theoretical approach to the very nature of competitiveness. The first wave, best described by the Harvard School, assumed that, as the common sense tells us, the larger is the number of competitors the sounder and stronger is the competition among them. As a consequence, a policy favoring competition should not allow excessive concentration and/or consolidation of competitors on market. This kind of theoretical approach has for years been adopted by a large number of anti-trust bodies, and even now many of them pursue this policy, a spectacular example of the latter ones being the Polish Pension Fund Supervisory Office. The Harvard School has long been criticized by, eg. the Chicago School witch points out the concentration may be more conducive to competition than desperation (one has to have somebody to complete with), and a large share in market, if only for the advantages mentioned in this paper several times earlier, may contribute better to the overall economic effectiveness than dispersion no the market. The Chicago School has thus outlined the second wave in the approach to competitiveness. The third wave in the approach to the competitiveness has been outlined by the so-called Contestable School which points to the key role of market entrance and exit barriers, and above all, to the origins of these barriers. The above school contends that it is not dispersion or concentration as such that are good or bad for the market, but rather for each market there is an optimum structure and optimum number of companies, due to which the high degree of effectiveness of the economy as a whole and that of companies in particular can be reached. It is only under ideal market conditions, undisturbed by both artificial regulations and market entrance and exit barriers, structures like those cited above can undergo the process of development. Although the approach based on the model developed by the Contestable School, as well as those of other schools, often come in criticism, the former school has made an important impact on the now commonly shared opinion that in markets there is room for only a few groups of institutions. In the seventies and eighties we can say about fourth wave in the theory of competition - strategic management. We have already indicated that we do not share these opinions. We think we see a chance in the fifth wave in the approach to competitiveness resulting from the development of four main megatrends in the present-day economy discussed in this paper. We may call this a "virtual" wave not only because of the obvious role played by the Internet in the future shape of competitiveness, but also because in world's competition greater promise of success can be expected for judo players than for sumo players. It is simply because in order to win in world's competition one has to be faster, more flexible, avoid direct confrontation with the competitor and make better use of latter's weaknesses. One has to find a better and faster access to the most important present-day markets of knowledge, talents and capital.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Strategia rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa; Konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstwa; Konkurowanie na rynkach branżowych; Analiza piśmiennictwa ekonomicznego

EN

Company development strategy; Enterprise competitiveness; Competitiveness of products; Economic literature analysis

• Czasopismo: Roczniki Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych / Szkoła Główna Handlowa
• Rocznik: 2003
• Numer: z. 11
• Strony: 137--164

Twórcy

autor

Adam Noga

Bibliografia

• Noga A., Dominacja a efektywna konkurencja, Warszawa 1993.
• Szkoła Główna Handlowa i dziesięć lat transformacji w Polsce, red. Noga A.,Warszawa,1999,s.3.