Przywileje i immunitety dyplomatyczne funkcjonariuszy międzynarodowych pozostających w służbie Ligi Narodów i Narodów Zjednoczonych

• Autorzy: Zbigniew Rudnicki

Warianty tytułu

Privileges and Immunities of International Officials Serving in the League of Nations and the United Nations Organization

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Autor pisze w swojej pracy o kontrowersjach otaczających status prawny funkcjonariuszy międzynarodowych w świetle ich przywilejów i posiadania immunitetów dyplomatycznych.

EN

This article discusses the controversies surrounding the legal and international status of international officials in light of their due prerogatives with respect to the privileges and immunities diplomats enjoy. The article regards the special powers that employees of an international organization - and not of a country or a private institution - enjoy, whose functions are defined in international agreements. Such functions are supposed to be relatively stable rather than casual and terminated after completion of a single task. These functions are also supposed to be exclusive - they may not be performed simultaneously with other functions - and should be performed in the general interest of the members of the organization, This special category - international officials - emerged thanks to the League of Nations, the secretariat of which became a precedent for the creation of the international civil service. Organizational and legal models subsequently developed by the LoN became a starting point for approaches used by the United Nations Organization. In order to ensure independence, international officials are granted privileges and immunities. Incorporated in the UN Charter (art. 195), these constitute a better legal construct than general references to diplomatic privileges and immunities or the listing of individual privileges and immunities. The scope of privileges and immunities is regulated under special international agreements. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Prawo międzynarodowe; Organizacje międzynarodowe

EN

International law; International organisations

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 2004
• Numer: nr 606
• Strony: 107--122

Twórcy

autor

Zbigniew Rudnicki

Bibliografia

• Bailey S., D., The Secretariat of the Unied Nations, New York 1963, s. 23.
• Convention on Privilegess and Immunities, Article V, Section 18.
• Claudce I., Jr. ,Swords into Ploughshares, New York 1956, s. 195.
• McCormick C., Crosswell, Protection of International Personnel, New York 1952, s. 41.
• Covenant of he League of Nations, Article 7, § 4
• Elvin L., An International Civil Service? What Should Be Done, "Fabian Journal" 1957, 40, July, s. 6.
• Erlich L., Karta Narodów Zjednoczonych wraz ze Statutem Międzynarodowego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości. Uwagi wstępne - teksty - komentarze, Kraków, 1946, s. 92-93.
• Evans A., A., The International Secretariat of the Future, Public Administration 1944, 22,8.70-71.
• Goodrich L., The United Nations, New York 1959, s. 131.
• Goosdpeed S., The Nature and Function of International Organization, New York 1967, s. 386.
• Green L., C., The International Civil Servant: His Employer and His State, Grotius Society Transactions 1952, 40, s. 147.
• Hammarsjöld D., The International Civil Servants in Law and Facts [w:] The United Nations Political System, D.A. Kay, (ed.), New York 1967, s. 143.
• Hill M., Immunities and Privileges of International Officials: The Experience of the League of Nations, Washington 1947.
• Honig, The International Civil Service: Basic Problems and Contemporary Difficulties, International Affairs 1954, s. 175.
• 1
• Kunz J., L., Privileges and Immunities of International Organizations, "American Journal of International Law". October 1947, 41, s. 841.
• League of Nations, Staff Regulations of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, Geneva 1945;The United Nations..., s. 146.
• Morawiecki W., Encyklopedia prawa międzynarodowego i stosunków międzynarodowych, Warszawa 1976, s. 80.
• Ranshofen-Westheimer E., F., The Position of the Executive and Administrative Heads of the United Nations International Organizations, "American Journal of International Law" 1945, 39, s. 390.
• Tein-Ghicng Young, International Civili Service Principles and Problems. Brussels 1958, s.61.
• United Nations Charter, art. 100. ust. 1.
• United Nations Charter, art. 101, ust. 3.