Mechanizm rozstrzygania sporów WTO na przykładzie konfliktu między Stanami Zjednoczonymi a Unią Europejską wokół stosowania hormonów w produkcji zwierzęcej

• Autorzy: Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz

Warianty tytułu

The WTO Conflict Resolution Mechanism Based on the Example of the United States and the European Union Conflict on the Use of Hormones in Animal Production

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Znaczącą uchwałą Rundy Urugwajskiej GATT było wprowadzenie nowego mechanizmu rozstrzygania sporów, który ma zapewnić odpowiednie działanie WTO. W pracy omówiono procedurę rozstrzygania sporów w ramach WTO, oraz przedstawiono konflikt między USA a Unią Europejską dotyczący stosowania hormonów w produkcji zwierzęcej.

EN

One significant resolution of the Uruguay Round was the introduction of a new conflict resolution mechanism for ensuring the proper operation of the WTO multilateral trade system. The new conflict resolution procedure is more effective than regulations under the previous GATT system, since, inter alia, it determines a timeframe for subsequent phases of conflict resolution by the WTO, reduces the potential for unilateral retaliation in favour of actions Iegitimised on the multilateral organization`s forum and - due to the fact that reviewing panel and appellate organ decisions are acccpted automatically - the system is much more resistant to blocking. The US and EU conflict on the use of hormones in animal production has gone through all the stages of WTO conflict resolution. including the appeals phase and the application of last-resort measures, i.c., the suspension of licences by the United States. Despite the fact that the fundamental conflict between health care needs and the trend towards trade liberalization has not been ultimately resolved, the new conflict resolution mechanism has !ed to a situation in which the method and means of retaliation are not unilateral because, firstly, they have been approved by the WTO and, secondly, both parties - plaintiff and defendant alike - have the opportunity to present their reasoning and arguments exhaustively. Moreover, sanctions available under the new trade system make parties to the conflict attempt to adjust their regulations to WTO principles, although this is often a long-term process. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Metody rozwiązywania konfliktów; Hodowla zwierząt

EN

Conflicts solving methods; Animal husbandry

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 2004
• Numer: nr 639
• Strony: 53--63

Twórcy

autor

Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz

Bibliografia

• Featherstone K., Ginsberg R.H. , The United States and the European Union in the 1990s: Partners in Transition, Macmillan, New York 1996.
• Joslin T., Agricultural Trade Issues in Transatlantic Trade Relations, „World Economy" 1993.
• 8 T. Joslin, Agricultural Trade Issues in Transatlantic Trade Relations, „World Economy" 1993, s. 568. Mechanizm rozstrzygania sporów WTO... Low P., Trading Free. The GATT and US Trade Policy, The Twentieth Century Fund Press, New York 1995.
• http://www.useu.be/AGRI/ban.html
• http://www.wto.org