Niekorzystne efekty zewnętrzne a efektywność alokacyjna - Coase wobec tradycji pigowiańskiej

• Autorzy: Jacek Jastrzębski

Warianty tytułu

Negative Externalities and Optimal Allocation of Resources - Coase Versus Pigovian Tradition

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem artykułu jest zwięzłe zaprezentowanie stanowiska ekonomii głównego nurtu wobec problematyki efektów zewnętrznych i przedstawienie na tak zakreślonym tle podstawowych różnic w sposobie analizowania i ocenie skutków omawianych zjawisk przez Coase’a i ekonomię ortodoksyjną (abstrakt oryginalny).

EN

The paper is concerned with Coase's criticism of the mainstream economics approach to the problem of externalities. Mainstream economics suggests that when a negative externality occurs, an optimal allocation of resources will not be reached unless private cost is equal to social cost. According to the orthodox economic theory, the difference between private and social cost can be eliminated by introducing a legal system involving the existence of liability for all damage caused or by imposing on an externality producer a tax equal to the damage done. R. Coase showed that suggestions formulated by mainstream economics are wrong. If transaction costs are neglected, private cost is always equal to social cost (even if there is no liability for the damage and no tax is imposed). It does not matter who has the right to 'fresh air' because finally the right - through market transactions - will find its optimal use. Yet when transaction costs are taken into account, the legal delimitation of rights influences the allocation outcome. If transaction costs are substantial it is possible that making the contractual arrangements costs more than a possible gain and, as a result, private cost is not equal to social cost (if, of course, there is no liability for the damage and the tax is not imposed). However, without examining a particular case in detail it is not possible to say in advance if - from the point of view of the allocation efficiency - it is better to make private and social costs be equal to each other or not. In the real world (where transaction costs do exist) it is possible that the optimal allocation of resources can be reached only if the externality producer is not liable for the damage caused and the tax is not imposed. Writing 'The Problem of Social Cost" R. Coase tried to persuade other economists to leave the world of zero transaction costs and to include the concept of transaction costs into their analyses. R. Coase has never formulated directly so called 'Coase Theorem' (which ignores transaction costs) and his real aim was to emphasize the importance of transaction costs. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Ekonomia; Efektywność ekonomiczna; Koszty społeczne; Koszty prywatne; Efekty zewnętrzne

EN

Economics; Economic efficiency; Social costs; Private costs; Spillover effects

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Poznaniu
• Rocznik: 2006
• Numer: nr 77
• Strony: 108--132

Twórcy

autor

Jacek Jastrzębski

Bibliografia

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