Konsensus waszyngtoński a reformy w krajach postkomunistycznych

• Autorzy: Zbigniew J. Stańczyk

Warianty tytułu

The Washington Consensus vs. Reforms in Post-Communist Countries

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Przedstawiono znaczenie terminu "konsensus waszyngtoński" według J. Williamsona. Omówiono dziesięć punktów Williamsona w odniesieniu do reformy w krajach postkomunistycznych: dyscyplinę fiskalną, priorytety wydatków publicznych, reformę podatkową, liberalizację finansową, kurs walutowy, liberalizację handlu zagranicznego, bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, prywatyzację, deregulację i prawa własności.

EN

The term "the Washington consensus" was used for the first time by J. Williamson in 1989 at the conference on reforms in Latin America. In his opinion, in the 1980s of the 20th century Washington economists shared the same opinion concerning the basic elements of reforms to be carried out in order to bring about economic recovery in the region. J. Williamson identified 10 such elements: 1) fiscal discipline; 2) priorities in the area of public expenditure; 3) taxation reforms; 4) financial liberalization; 5) exchange rates; 6) foreign trade liberalization; 7) direct foreign investment; 8) privatization; 9) deregulation; 10) ownership rights. This wording of the consensus was severely criticized by a number of economists. The objective of this paper is to prove that much of the criticism of the Washington consensus is not well-grounded as it is equated with extreme neo-liberalism. The history of economic reforms in post-Communist countries indicates, however, that the Washington consensus should be modified and supplemented, which does not imply disregard for macroeconomic stabilization and deregulation. A new consensus should give more attention to the market's institutional environment (regulation ensuring a competitive business environment, effective legislation, counteracting corruption, etc.). (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Kraje postkomunistyczne; Reformy gospodarcze; Liberalizm gospodarczy

EN

Post-communist countries; Economic reforms; Laissez faire

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne
• Rocznik: 2004
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 59--72

Twórcy

autor

Zbigniew J. Stańczyk

Bibliografia

• Aslund A., Boone P., Johnson S., How to Stabilize: Lessons from Post-communist Countries, „Brookings Papers on Economic Activity” 1996, vol. 1.
• Burki J., Perry G.E., Beyond the Washington Consensus: Institutions Matter, The World Bank,Washington 1998.
• EBRD Transition Report, EBRD, London 2003.
• Fischer S., Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct?, „Journal of Economic Perspectives” 2001, vol. 15, nr 2.
• Fischer S., Sahay R., Végh C.H., Stabilization and Growth in Transition Economies: The Early Experience, „Journal of Economic Perspectives” 1996, vol. 10, nr 2.
• Fisher S., In Defence of the IMF, „Foreign Affairs" 1998, vol. 77, nr 4.
• Gelb A., Denizer C., de Melo M, From Plan to Market: Patterns of Transition, „Policy Research Working Paper” 1996, nr 1564.
• Havrylyshyn O., Recovery and Growth in Transition: A. Decade of Evidence, „IMF Staff Papers” 2001, vol. 48, special issue.
• Kołodko G.W., Economic Neoliberalism Became almost Irrelevant. Poland's Grzegorz W. Kołodko on New Trands in Development Strategies, „Transition” 1998, vol. 9, nr 3.
• Kolodko G.W., Od szoku do terapii. Ekonomia i polityka transformacji, Poltext, Warszawa 1999.
• Lavigne M., The Economics of Transition: From Socialist Economy to Market Economy, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999.
• Lutkowski K., Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy wobec współczesnych zjawisk kryzysowych -próba oceny, „Gospodarka Narodowa” 2000, nr 5-6.
• McCloskey D., The Rhetoric of Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 1986.
• Naim M., Washington Consensus or Washington Confusion?, „Foreign Policy” 2000, nr 118.
• Rodrik D., Growth Strategies, „NBER Working Paper Series” 2003, nr 10050.
• Roland G., Ten Years After... Transition and Economics, „IMF Staff Papers” 2001, vol. 48, special issue.
• Stiglitz J.E., Globalization and Its Discontents, W.W. Norton & Company, New York 2002.
• Weitzman M., Xu Ch., Chinese Township-Village Enterprises as Vaguely Defined Cooperatives, “Journal of Comparative Economics” 1994, vol. 18, nr 2.
• Williamson J., Democracy and the „Washington Consensus”, „World Development" 1993, nr 21.
• Williamson J., In Search of a Manual for Technopols [w:] The Political Economy of Policy Reforms, pod red. J. Williamsona, Institute for International Economics, Washington 1994.
• Williamson J., What Should the World Bank Think about the Washington Consensus?, „World Bank Research Observer” 2000, nr 15.
• Williamson J., What Washington Means by Policy Reform [w:] Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, pod red. J. Williamsona, Institute for International Economics, Washington 1990