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2007 | nr 3 | 81--97
Tytuł artykułu

Unia Europejska względem zjawiska koncentracji własności mediów

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
The European Union towards Media Concentration Phenomenon
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
W artykule poruszono problem koncentracji własności mediów w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Zjawisko to postrzega się jako skutek uboczny postępującej liberalizacji (globalizacji) rynku mediów i dynamicznego procesu konwergencji technologicznej , polegającej na wzajemnym przenikaniu się technologii i usług charakterystycznych dla sektora mediów elektronicznych, telekomunikacji oraz sektora tzw. nowych technologii. Koncentracja własności mediów charakteryzuje się występowaniem niewielkiej liczby podmiotów medialnych, które na skutek serii przejęć i fuzji mogą dominować w sferze kształtowania opinii publicznej.
EN
The process of media concentration is currently experienced on different media markets. This phenomenon should be seen as one of side-effects of the liberalization process as well as of technological convergence. It is also one of the most controversial issues of the media policy. It is because decision-makers responsible for policy of protecting pluralism of media should consider private interests of media companies as well as public interest. The issue is still under discussion in many countries around the world. It also attracted attention of the EU policy-makers. In early 1990s they tried to persuade Member Sates to harmonize anti-concentration provisions within the EU. However a number of Member States as well as influential interest groups rejected this proposal, so the issue vanished from the European agenda. The European Parliament was the first EU institution to start discussing this issue once again in 2002. Adoption of the European Parliament resolution concerning it reopened this debate in the context of a process of review of the Television without Frontiers directive. The discussion on the European Level has inspired the European Commission to launch a three-step approach for advancing the debate on media pluralism within the EU. The action is supposed to be concluded with a Commission Communication on indicators for media pluralism in the EU Member States, expected in 2009. This article attempts to clarify the multidimensional term "media concentration" and to present the EU policy in this respect. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
81--97
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
Bibliografia
  • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000/C 364/01), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en..pdf.
  • Comments on the draft Convention on Cultural Diversity prepared by the International Network of Cultural Policy (INCP) (AP-MD(2003)004).
  • Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, the Future of European Regulatory Audiovisual Policy, COM (2003) 784 final, 15.12.2003.
  • Consultation on Media Ownership Rules, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department of Trade and Industry, November 2001, http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/3465A81B-4251-4A4E-A323-EB6C67840BA7/0/mediaownership2001.pdf.
  • Directive 97/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 1997 amending Council Directive 89/552/EEC on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities.
  • Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady zmieniająca dyrektywę Rady 89/552/EWG w sprawie koordynacji niektórych przepisów ustawowych, wykonawczych i administracyjnych państw członkowskich, dotyczących wykonywania telewizyjnej działalności transmisyjnej (przedstawiona przez Komisję), Bruksela, 13.12.2005 COM (2005) 646 końcowy, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/pl/com/2005/com2005"0646pl01.pdf.
  • European Commission, "Media pluralism: Commission stresses need for transparency, freedom and diversity in Europe's media landscape", Brussels, 16 January 2007, IP/07/52, European Commission, "Commission Staff Working Document. Media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union", Brussels, 16 January 2007, SEC(2007) 32, http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/media_taskforce/doc//media _pluralism_swp_en.pdf.
  • European Commission, "Issues Paper for the Liverpool Audiovisual Conference. Media Pluralism - What should be the European Union's role?", European Commission, Focus Groups, http://ec.europa.eu/comm/avpolicy/reg/tvwf/modernisation/focus_groups/index_en.htm.
  • European Commission, Public consultation on the review of the "Television without Frontiers" directive, 2003, http://ec.europa.eu/comm/avpolicy/reg/tvwf/ /modernisation/consultation_2003/index_en.htm.
  • European Federation of Journalists, Eastern Empires. Foreign Ownership in Central and Eastern European media: Ownership, Policy Issues and Strategies, June 2003.
  • European Media Ownership: Threats on the Landscape. A survey of who owns what in Europe, European Federation of Journalists, January 2003.
  • European Parliament resolution on media concentration, P5JTA(2002)0554, 20 November 2002.
  • European Parliament resolution on the risks of violation, in the EU and especially in Italy, of freedom of expression and information (Article 11(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights) (2003/2237(INI)), P5_TA(2004)0373, 22 April 2004.
  • Follow-up to the Consultation Process Relating to the: Green Paper on Pluralism and Media Concentration in the Internal Market - An Assessment of the Reed for Community Action, European Commission, 5 October 1994, COM (1994) 353 final.
  • Green Paper on Services of General Interest COM (2003) 270, 21.5.2003.
  • Green Paper on the Convergence of the Telecommunications, Media and Information Technology Sectors, and the Implications for Regulation. Towards an Information Society Approach, European Commission, COM (1997) 62, Brussels, 3 December 1997.
  • http://ec. europa. eu/comm/avpolicy/docs/reg/modernisation/issue_papers/ispa__media pluralism_en.pdf.
  • http://ec.europa.eu/comm/avpolicy/docs/reg/modernisation/liverpooL2005/uk-conference-report-en.pdf.
  • http://www.europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/52&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
  • IRIS Plus. Media Supervision on the Threshold of the 21st Century. What are the Requirements of Broadcasting, Telecommunications and Concentration Regulation?, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2002.
  • IRIS Special. Regulating Access to Digital Television. Technical bottlenecks, vertically integrated markets and new forms of media concentration, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2004.
  • Jackson K., Media Ownership Regulation in Australia, 30 May 2006, http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/SP/media_regulations.htm
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000153491797

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