Warianty tytułu
Sequencing in Liberalization of External Relations of a State and Globalization
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Podano definicję liberalizacji stosunków zewnętrznych oraz omówiono dziedziny (wymiana handlowa, przepływ usług, kapitału i ludzi), którymi jest objęta i metody stosowane w czasie jej trwania. Scharakteryzowano procesy liberalizacyjne, które miały miejsce w skali globalnej, na przykładzie USA i Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono znaczenie i wpływ, jakie wywiera ona na rozwój gospodarki. Wymieniono funkcje jakie spełnia sekwencyjność liberalizacji.
Liberalization of external economic relations of states played an important role in past economic relations and it is expected that this role will increase following deepening of liberalization in the future. The paper defines liberalization, shows in which fields it is introduced and what is its role for economic systems of states. It comments organizational structures, which support liberalization, and points at technical solutions, which are applied here, linked with sequencing of the process and depth of applied moves. The role of liberalization sequencing is stressed as an precondition enhancing catching up in development strategies of developing economies, what enables cutting the time needed for that process. Moreover, liberalization of global trade is considered as a solution, which leads to creation of conditions for sustainable growth. Economic liberalization proceeds on all continents, while the strongest impulses are given by two most developed markets: the EU and USA. Liberalization is conducted on different levels of international co-operation: globally by the WTO, subregionally by countries and/or regional integration organizations with regional organizations, regionally within integration organizations and between two states/markets. Thus liberalization can be conducted multilaterally. bilaterally or autonomously (without reciprocity). Liberalization is conducted within two models of trade co-operation: within customs unions or free trade zones. Customs unions can lead towards monetary integration in the future. Most of the free trade zones introduce also free movement of capital. World trade liberalization is supposed to lead in long perspective to liberalize international economic relations following the model of internal market of the EU. Visions that liberalization hinders economic growth are still quite popular, despite all the proofs showing the opposite, politicians often use legal and institutional solutions, which can stimulate this process in their economies. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Strony
397--417
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
Bibliografia
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000154003644