Czy kodeks cywilny jest sposobem na harmonizację prawa prywatnego w Europie?

• Autorzy: Karolina Kudrycka

Warianty tytułu

Would an European civil code be a proper measure of harmonizing private law in Europe?

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Autorka podkreśla, że koncepcja harmonizacji prawa prywatnego za pomocą Europejskiego Kodeksu Cywilnego pozostaje we Wspólnocie wciąż jedynie ideą, którą część teoretyków pragnęłaby przeforsować, a która z upływem czasu traci coraz bardziej na znaczeniu. Komisja Europejska odchodzi od koncepcji stworzenia EKC, skłaniając się ku stosowaniu bardziej wyważonych i ostrożnych środków, obrano mniej ryzykowną strategię tworzenia norm kolizyjnych i selektywnego ujednolicania prawa, co jest łatwiejsze do zaakceptowania przez państwa członkowskie na dzisiejszym etapie integracji. Ale zdaniem autorki, kodeks ten powinien być ostatecznym celem wszystkich działań harmonizujących prawo prywatne, ponieważ tylko kompleksowa kodyfikacja określonych dziedzin prawa prywatnego (takich jak prawo kontraktowe, prawo własności, prawo handlowe oraz prawo deliktowe) może zapewnić Europie dynamiczny rozwój gospodarczy odpowiadający celom Strategii Lizbońskiej.

EN

According to the European Commission, the proper functioning of the Internal Market may be hindered by different national contract laws which cause problems in relation to cross-border contracts. Therefore, it has initiated a debate on finding solutions to approximate certain areas of contract law in order to remove possible barriers. Four solutions have been proposed, among them the idea of adopting a new instrument comprising harmonized provisions on general principles of contract law and specific contracts. This has been interpreted as an idea of harmonizing contract law by means of a single European Civil Code and has resulted in a wide-ranging discussion. Such an option is the most controversial and innovative and theoreticians do not agree as to the necessity of creating such a new measure as well as to the method of designing it. Four main problems have been brought: the Community legal basis for adopting the European Civil Code, the choice of the instrument (whether it should be a directive, a regulation or a recommendation), its scope (which fields of private law should be covered) and the binding nature of such a measure (whether an optional or a obligatory model). The Article tackles all the above mentioned is-sues from the point of view of both theoreticians and the European Commission. It also presents the stages of development of the idea of an European Civil Code and how this option has been eventually pushed aside. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

System prawny; Prawo cywilne; Kodeks cywilny; Prawo WE; Państwa członkowskie

EN

Legal system; Civil law; Civil Code; European Community law; Member states

• Czasopismo: Przegląd Prawa Europejskiego i Międzynarodowego
• Rocznik: 2008
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 23--34

Twórcy

autor

Karolina Kudrycka

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