Refundacje wywozowe jako forma bezpośrednich subsydiów eksportowych w Unii Europejskiej i ich stosowanie w polskim eksporcie towarów rolno-spożywczych

• Autorzy: Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz

Warianty tytułu

Export Refunds as a Form of Direct Export Subsidy in the European Union and their Application in the Export of Polish Agricultural and Food Products

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Scharakteryzowano subsydiowanie eksportu rolnego na świecie. Omówiono zasady przyznawania refundacji wywozowych w Unii Europejskiej. Zaprezentowano stawki refundacji eksportowych na wybrane produkty Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono wielkość wpłat refundacji eksportowych w Polsce oraz omówiono wpłaty refundacji wywozowych jako jeden z czynników aktywizujących polski eksport towarów rolno-spożywczych.

EN

In light of treaty arrangements, common European Union trade policy is not exclusively limited to observing uniform import rules and standardising means of market protection, but also entails harmonisation of rules and measures in regard to export policy. The main instrument for supporting EU export is subsidies, one form of which is direct export refunds. Under the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, the use of export subsidies is prohibited in relation to industrial goods; however, agricultural products are not covered by this ban, and the effects of this instrument can currently be seen in the area of agricultural exports. Export refunds are a form of subsidy that covers, partly or completely, the difference between the prices of products on world markets and on the internal EU market. Export refunds may remain constant for a long period of time or be frequently changed depending on the situation on EU and world markets. Refunds due on exports are financed from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund EAGGF (Guarantee Section) and are applied exclusively to agricultural products that meet defined quality standards. They have a particular significance given the overproduction of food in the European Union, and their main purpose is to increase the competitiveness of EU products on third markets. The refund amounts are defined in European Commission directives, and the amounts established for a given period are binding on all exporters in Member States. Since Poland’s entry into the European Union, Polish exporters have been subject to EU rules on export refunds. As of 1 May 2004, there has been growing interest on the part of Polish enterprises to participate in the trade mechanisms encompassed by the Common Agricultural Policy and Common Trade Policy; a clear increase in the number of applications for refunds has occurred since September 2004. By July 2005, the Agricultural Market Agency had in total paid out approximately 327 million zlotys to Polish entrepreneurs since Poland’s entry into the EU. Export refunds were one of the factors that contributed to the increase in Polish exports of agricultural and food products after accession. That is why the possible cessation of export refunds by the European Union and other WTO member countries should be perceived as an important challenge for Polish exporters of agricultural and food products. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Handel zagraniczny; Eksport; Handel produktami rolnymi; Subwencje

EN

Foreign trade; Export; Agricultural trade; Subsidies

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 2008
• Numer: nr 777
• Strony: 93--114

Twórcy

autor

Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz

Bibliografia

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