Stosunek Grupy Siedmiu do Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w okresie zimnej wojny oraz w czasie transformacji ustrojowej

• Autorzy: Rafał Matera

Warianty tytułu

The G7 Attitude towards Central-and-Eastern Europe during the Cold War and at the Time of the System transformation

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Przedmiotem niniejszej analizy jest pokazanie problemów, jakie Grupa Siedmiu (dalej G7) podnosiła na "szczytach" najbardziej uprzemysłowionych krajów wobec Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Do tego regionu zaliczono zarówno Związek Radziecki (po 1991 r. Rosję), jak i państwa zza dawnej żelaznej kurtyny, które politycznie i gospodarczo uzależnione były od ZSRR, oraz kraje, które powstały w wyniku jego rozpadu. Naturalnie, taktyka podejmowana przez G7 była odmienna w okresie trwania zimnej wojny w latach 1975- 1988 i podczas transformacji ustrojowej, kiedy państwa regionu otwierały się na Zachód i przekształcały w prorynkowe demokracje. Ze względu na fakt, że kwestie integracji Rosji z G7 wymagałyby szerszego omówienia, wątek ten został w publikacji pominięty. Tym niemniej pozostałe relacje z Rosją zostały uwzględnione, gdyż były częścią strategii wobec całego regionu. Zostały omówione pod kątem zagadnień politycznych i ekonomicznych podnoszonych przy okazji procesu włączania Moskwy do grupy najbardziej uprzemysłowionych demokracji świata. (fragment artykułu)

EN

The collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary system and the first oil crisis were the most important reasons for establishment of the G7. Final decision to hold the first meeting of the most industrialized powers was made in Helsinki, during the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The very first summit in which six States took part was held in Rambouillet in 1975. The name G7 became official in 1976 when Canadian participants joined representatives of France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan and the US. Transformation into G8 formally took place in 1998, at Birmingham summit, after several years of negotiation and common work with Russia (G7 plus Russia). Economic declarations and summit communiques included recommendations for members of the group and proposals to regions of the world. These various documents covered a broad range of subjects: macroeconomic policy; trade and monetary system issues; new financial architecture; energy issues; North-South and East-West relations; environmental, international and global political problems along with many regional issues. The aim of this article is to present the attitude of G7 towards Central-Eastern Europe, including an analysis of relations with the Soviet Union (since 1991 Russia) and other States politically and economically dependent upon Moscow during the Cold War period. The strategy of G7 in the years 1975-1988 was different than during the system transformation in the 1990s when Eastern European region started to open up towards the West and turn into market economies and democracy. Russia's integration with G7 was not included as a broad subjects that has to be addressed on its own. However, other relations with Russia were taken into account as a part of the G7 strategy towards the whole region. All the problems were analysed from political and economical points of view. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Historia gospodarcza; Przemysł wysokich technologii; Przekształcenia ustrojowo-systemowe; Przekształcenia systemowe w gospodarce; Energetyka jądrowa

EN

Economic history; High-tech industry; Political and systemic transformations; Systemic transformations in the economy; Nuclear power

• Czasopismo: Studia Europejskie / Centrum Europejskie Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
• Rocznik: 2008
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 51--74

Twórcy

autor

Rafał Matera

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