Relacje port lotniczy - środowisko przyrodnicze

• Autorzy: Piotr Trzepacz

Warianty tytułu

Selected Aspects of the Airport - Environment Relationship

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Opracowanie stanowi przegląd dorobku w zakresie badań dotyczących relacji między portami lotniczymi a środowiskiem przyrodniczym. Punkt wyjścia stanowi omówienie istoty wzajemności w oddziaływaniu między tymi komponentami przestrzeni. Zaprezentowano problem emisji zanieczyszczeń generowanych przez porty lotnicze, zmiany w środowisku towarzyszące realizacji takich inwestycji, jak budowa portu, oddziaływanie klimatu i jego zmian na funkcjonowanie takich obiektów, a także ich wpływ na świat zwierzęcy i roślinny. Omówiono zatem antropopresję na środowisko przyrodnicze jako jeden aspekt tych relacji, a jako drugi zasygnalizowano istotne ograniczenia przyrodnicze dla możliwości lokalizowania, rozbudowy czy funkcjonowania portów lotniczych. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The growing importance of air transportation in the era of highly mobile societies has also an increasingly appreciable effect on the natural environment. The paper attempts to show a number of air transportation infrastructure factors that impact different aspects of the natural environment. It also takes a look at environmental features that determine where an airport will be located and exactly how it will function. Airports generate air pollution, noise, and vibrations, causing damage to the natural environment and harm to people who reside in their immediate vicinity. The ability of an airport to grow as a business enterprise is increasingly being determined by its ability to address environmental issues. This is the case because air carriers considering creating a connection to a given airport take into account not only market-based issues but also the ecological sensitivity of the site. In addition, many airports are located on the fringes of major urban areas, which means that they come into contact with natural areas that surround major cities. Airports generate an even larger amount of pollution in the winter when they are forced to deice runways and the wings of aircraft. The substances used in the deicing process are normally different types of chemicals that end up directly in the natural environment. (short original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Lotnictwo cywilne; Zanieczyszczenie środowiska; Środowisko przyrodnicze

EN

Civil aviation; Environmental pollution; Natural environment

• Czasopismo: Prace Geograficzne / Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
• Rocznik: 2010
• Numer: z. 123
• Strony: 129--142

Twórcy

autor

Piotr Trzepacz

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie

Bibliografia

• Acoforado M.-J., Andrade H.. 2005, Nocturnal urban heat island in Lisbon (Portugal): main features and modelling attempts, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 84, 1-3, 151-159.
• Ashford N., Wright P.H., 1992, Airport engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
• Bacci P., Maugeri M., 1992, The urban heat island of Milan, II Nuovo Cimento C, 15, 4, 417-424.
• Beck J.P., Reeves CE., de Leeuw F.A.A.M., Penkett S.A., 1992, The effect of aircraft emissions on tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere, Atmospheric Environment, 26 A, 17-19.
• Bokwa A., 2009, Miejska wyspa ciepła na tle zróżnicowania termicznego obszaru położonego we wklęsłej formie terenu (na przykładzie Krakowa), Prace Geograficzne IGiGP UJ, 122, 111-132.
• Bornstein D.B., 1968, Observations of the urban heat effect in New York City, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7, 575-582.
• Brasseur G.P., Cox R.A., Hauglustaine D., Isaksen I., Lelieveld J., Lister D.H., Sausen R., Schumann U., Wahner A., Wiesen P., 1998, European scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions, Atmospheric Environment, 32, 13, 2329-2418.
• Button K., Nijkamp P.,1997, Social change and sustainable transport, Journal of Transport Geography, 5, 3,215-218.
• Douglas I, Lawson N., 2003, Airport construction: materials use and geomorphic change, Journal of Air Transport Management, 9, 3, 177-185.
• Eliasson I., Holmer B., 1990, Urban Heat Island Circulation in Göteborg, Sweden, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 42, 187-196.
• Ellis J.B., Revitt D.M., Llewellyn N., 1997, Transport and environment: effects of organic pollutants on water quality, Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 11, 3, 170-177.
• Franssen E.A.M., Staatsen B.A.M., Lebret E., 2002, Assessing health consequences in an environmental impact assessment: The case of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22, 6, 633-653.
• Freestone R., 2009, Planning, sustainability and airport-led urban development. International Planning Studies, 14, 2, 161-176.
• Gabrey S.W., Dolbeer R.A., 1996, Rainfall effects on bird-aircraft collisions at two United States airports. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 24, 272-275.
• Graham B., Guyer C, 1999, Environmental sustainability, airport capacity and European air transport liberalization: irreconcilable goals?, Journal of Transport Geography, 7, 3, 165-180.
• Graham B., Guyer C, 2000, The role of regional airports and air services in the United Kingdom, Journal of Transport Geography, 8, 249-262.
• Greene D.L., Wegener M., 1997, Sustainable transport. Journal of Transport Geography,5, 3, 177-190.
• Gudmundsson H., Hójer M., 1996, Sustainable development principles and their implications for transport, Ecological Economics, 19, 269-282.
• IPCC, 1999, Aviation and the global atmosphere, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, C. U. Press.
• Janie M., 1999, Aviation and externalities: the accomplishments and problems, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 4, 3, 159-180.
• Jauregui E., 1997, Heat island development in Mexico City, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 22, 3821-3831.
• Jones A.E., Law K.S., Pyle J.A., 1996, Subsonic aircraft and ozone trends, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 23, 89-105.
• Jusu S.K., Wong N.H., Hagen E., Anggoro R., Hong Y., 2007, The influence of land use on the urban heat island in Singapore, Habitat International, 31,2, 232-242.
• Kossowska-Cezak U., 2002, Zmiany różnicy temperatury powietrza między śródmieściem a peryferiami Warszawy od 1933 do 2000 roku. Przegląd Geofizyczny, 3-4, 203-209.
• Kuz'í Ir S., Muzi lnic J., 1998, Birds and air traffic safety on Zagreb airport (Croatia), The Environmentalist, 18, 231-237.
• Linnell M.A., Conover M.R., Ohashi T.J., 1996, Analysis of bird strikes at a tropical airport. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 60, 4, 935-945.
• Lu Ch., Morrell P., 2006, Determination and applications of environmental costs at different sized airports - aircraft noise and engine emissions, Transportation, 33, 45-61.
• Luther L., 2007, Environmental impact of airport operations, maintenance and expansion, CRS Report for Congress.
• May M., Hill S.B., 2005, Questioning airport expansion - a case study of Canberra International Airport, Journal of Transport Geography, 14, 6, 437-450.
• Mayor K., Toi R.S.J., 2009, Aviation and the environment in the context of the EU-US Open Skies agreement, Journal of Air Transport Management, 15, 2, 90-95.
• Morris C.J.G., Simmonds I., 2000, Associations between varying magnitudes of the urban heat island and the synoptic climatology of Melbourne, Australia, International Journal of Climatology, 20, 1931-1954.
• Morris C.J.G., Simmonds I., Plummer N., 2001, Quantification of the influences of wind and cloud on the nocturnal urban heat island of a large city, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 40, 169-182.
• Nijkamp P., van Geenhuizen M., 1997, European transport: challenges and opportunities for future research and policies, Journal of Transport Geography, 5, 1, 4-11.
• Nowak A., 2009, Analiza miejskiej wyspy ciepła na obszarze Poznania, Prace Geograficzne IGiGP UJ, 122,99-110.
• Pascoe D., Kedwards T.J., Blockwell S.J., Taylor E.J., 1995, Gammaruspulex (L.) feeding bioas-say - effects of parasitism, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 55, 629-632.
• Saaroni H., Ben-Dor E., Bitan A., Potchter O., 2000, Spatial distribution and microscale characteristics of the urban heat island in Tel-Aviv, Israel, Landscape and Urban Planning, 48, 1-2, 1-18.
• Sailor D.J., 1995, Simulated urban climate response to modifications in surface albedo and vegetative cover. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34, 1694-1704.
• Schmidlin T.W., 1989, The urban heat island at Toledo, Ohio, Ohio Journal of Science, 89, 3, 38-41.
• Sills R.D., Blakeslee P.A., 1992, The environmental impact of deicers in airport stormwater runoff, [w:] F.M. DTtri, Chemical deicers and the environment, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 323-340.
• Sodhi N.S., 2002, Competition in the air: birds versus aircraft, the Auk, 119, 3, 587-595.
• Stanners D., Bourdeau P. (red.), 1995, Europe's Environment: The Dobris Assessment. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg/European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
• Tsani-Bazaca E., Mclntyre A.E., Lester J.N., Perry R., 1984, Airpollution associated'with airports, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 4, 361-377.
• Turnbull D.A, Bevan J.R., 1995, The impact of airport de-icing on a river: the case of the Ouseburn, Newcastle upon Tyne, Environmental Pollution, 88, 3, 321-332.
• Unal A., Hu Y., Chang M.E., Odman M.T., Russell A.G., 2005, Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: application to the Atlanta International Airport, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 5787-5798.
• Upham P., 2001, A comparison of sustainability theory with UK and European airports policy and practice, Journal of Environmental Management, 63, 3, 237-248.
• Upham P., Mills J., 2005, Environmental and operational sustainability of airports, Benchmarking: An International Journal, 12, 2, 166-179.
• Upham P., Thomas C, Gillingwater D., Raper D., 2003, Environmental capacity and airport operations: current issues and future prospects, Journal of Air Transport Management, 9, 3, 145-151.
• Ustawa z dnia 3 lipca 2002 r. - Prawo lotnicze, Dz. U. z 2006 r. Nr 100, poz. 696, z pózn. zm.
• Warnock-Smith D., Potter A., 2005, An exploratory study into airport choice factors for European low-cost airlines, Journal of Air Transport Management, 11, 388-392.
• Wells A.T., Young S.B., 2004, Airport planning & management, MsGraw-Hill, New York.
• Whitelegg J., 1997, Critical mass: transport, environment and society in the twenty-first century, West Randolph, Chicago.
• Williams M.L., Perry R., Clark A.I., Lester J.N., Mclntyre A.E., Spanton,A.M., 1981, Air pollution at Stansted Airport - a monitoring/modelling study in connection with airport developments proposed by the BAA, Report No. LR386 (AP), Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage.
• Vedantham A., Oppenheimer M., 1998, Long-term scenarios for aviation: demand and emissions of CO, and NOx, Energy Policy, 26, 8, 625-641.
• Wojkowski J., 2007, Promieniowanie sloneczne, [w:] D. Matuszko (red.), Klimat Krakowa w XX wieku, IGiGP UJ, 55-74.
• Yamartino R.J., Smith D.G., Bremer S. A., Heinhold D., Lamich D., Taylor B., 1980, Impact of air emissions on air quality in the vicinity of airports, vol. 1. U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, Report FAA-EE-80-OGA, Washington D.C.
• Zalakevicius M., 2002, Biophysical impacts of climate change on bird populations and migration in Lithuania, Geojournal, 57, 183-193.