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2011 | nr 176 | 93--133
Tytuł artykułu

Otwartość gospodarki a poziom i wahania wzrostu gospodarczego : przegląd badań

Warianty tytułu
The Role of Openness in Economic Development and Fluctuations - the Literature Review
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
Interesującym zagadnieniem badawczym, które wyłania się z raportów i danych obrazujących globalną sytuację gospodarczą w ostatnich kilkunastu miesiącach, jest to, że różne gospodarki świata zostały w zróżnicowany sposób dotknięte obecnym kryzysem. Niejednorodny jest więc stopień podatności krajów na szeroko rozumiane wstrząsy ekonomiczne pochodzące z zewnątrz, co jest związane zarówno z endogenicznymi uwarunkowaniami gospodarek (wielkością generowanego dochodu, strukturą sektorową i gałęziową, poziomem specjalizacji, rodzajem prowadzonej polityki monetarnej i fiskalnej, dyspersją dochodu, skłonnością do konsumpcji itp.), jak i stopniem oraz "cechami" ich wystawienia (exposure) na wpływ globalnych impulsów koniunkturalnych. Jednym z kluczowych czynników decydujących o owej zewnętrznej wrażliwości gospodarek jest ich otwartość w sferze handlu i finansów międzynarodowych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest pokazanie roli otwartości jako czynnika wzrostu gospodarczego przez pryzmat jej wpływu na tempo i wahania zagregowanego produktu (dochodu). Analizowany problem jest - wbrew pozorom - niejednoznaczny, gdyż postęp w zakresie wzajemnego otwierania gospodarek, związany zarówno z liberalizacją wielostronną w wymiarze globalnym, jak i integracją w blokach regionalnych z jednej strony wykreował dla krajów i regionów świata nowe możliwości rozwojowe (zgodnie z klasycznymi teoriami wymiany handlowej), z drugiej - wystawił je i naraził na ujemne oddziaływania z zewnątrz. Zagadnienie pozostaje więc otwartym pytaniem empirycznym, co jest widoczne na przykładzie bardzo zróżnicowanych, a często ze sobą sprzecznych wyników badań; między innymi prace R. Wacziarga i K.H. Welcha [1998], D.A. Irvina i M. Tervio [2002], M.A. Kose i in. [2005], D. Rodrika i F. Rodrigueza [2000], J. di Giovanniego i A.A. Levchenko [2008], D. Ben-Davida [1993], W. Easterly i S. Rebelo [1993], S. Ahmeda [2009], D. Rodrika i F. Rodrigueza [2000], M. Kleina i G.Oliveiego [2002] i wielu innych. Odmienność rezultatów badań wynika po części z różnic metodologicznych. W artykule dokonano szczegółowego przeglądu literatury z zaprezentowaniem najważniejszych podejść metodologicznych oraz wynikających z niego wniosków co do aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat znaczenia otwartości dla tempa i wahań wzrostu gospodarczego, głównie w kontekście zróżnicowania wyników badań empirycznych. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The paper is aimed at showing the role of trade and financial openness in economic growth and economic fluctuations. The whole issue is, surprisingly, ambiguous as multilateral opening of the fmancial and trade markets (resulting from the liberalization of the global economy as well as regional integration) has, on the one hand, created substantial new economic opportunities for the countries all over the world - but on the other hand has contributed to their much bigger exposure to negative influences from the international environment. Considering this theoretical inconsistency as well as the various and sometimes conflicting results of the empirical analysis on the subject the possible effect of the opening of countries' economies is still an open question. Among the authors who did the research on the openness' impact and its importance as an economic factor one should mention: R. Wacziarg 2001, D.A. Irvin and M. Tervio (2002), M.A. Kose et al. (2005), D. Rodrik (2007), J. di Giovanni and A. A. Levchenko (2008), D. Ben-David (1993), W. Easterly and S. Rebelo (1993), S. Ahmed, M. Bacchetta et al. (2009), D. Rodrik and F. Rodriguez (2000), M. Klein and G.Olivei (2002) and many others. The inconsistency of the empirical results is to some extent the consequence of a substantial range of various econometric methods applied in the studies (vector autoregression analysis, dynamic general equilibrium models, different specifications of the regression functions, the number of variables and indicators of openness used). The paper addresses the debate on the role of financial and trade openness in the economic development and GDP fluctuations, reviewing previous empirical work on the subject and presenting a wide selection of the literature covering its different aspects. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
93--133
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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