Umacnianie (Empowerment) - pojęcie i istota

• Autorzy: Dorota Kanafa-Chmielewska

Warianty tytułu

Empowerment - Chosen Issues

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny. Dokonano w nim analizy pojęcia empowermentu na tle trzech wybranych koncepcji, które w różnym stopniu odwołują się do wiedzy z zakresu zarządzania i psychologii. Wybór koncepcji podyktowany był zaprezentowaniem różnych podejść, odzwierciedlających aktualny stan wiedzy. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

One may distinguish three dominant approaches to empowerment: managerial, psychomanagerial, psychological. The managerial approach has a few disadvantages, inter alia, it is hard to treat it as a consistent view, rather it is a set of grouped information, on which some typologies are built. The psycho-managerial approach seems to be consistent and has undisputable application features. It refers to well-established psychological views, which makes construction of useful research tools easier or enables employment of existing tools. This approach could be successfully used to performing managerial tasks. The psychological approach, the last of those here presented, despite its consistency is not easy to operationalize. An analysis of their main concepts enables the establishment of some necessary conditions of empowerment. The first condition refers to the presence of an empowering and an empowered. Then, each side has to be aware that they take part in the processes which have the four following targets: shaping of critical awareness, skillful employment of knowledge about social norms and values; an increase in self-efficacy, and an increase in participation. An empowering and an empowered have to be informed about the measures of these processes and what their satisfactory levels are. If any of these conditions are not fulfilled then one may not talk about empowerment. The article also contains a definition based on the literature review. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Empowerment; Zarządzanie; Przegląd literatury

EN

Empowerment; Management; Literature review

• Czasopismo: Współczesne Zarządzanie
• Rocznik: 2012
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 130--140

Twórcy

autor

Dorota Kanafa-Chmielewska

• Uniwersytet Wrocławski

Bibliografia

• 1. Abramson L.Y., Seligman M.E.P., Teasdale J.D., (1978), Learned helplessness in humans, "Journal of Abnormal Psychology", Vol. 87.
• 2. Ashcraft K.L., Kedrowicz A., (2002), Self-direction or social support? Nonprofit empowerment and the tacit employment contract of organizational communication studies, "Communication Monographs", Vol. 60(1).
• 3. Bandura A., (1989), Human agency in social cognitive theory, "American Psychologist", Vol. 44(9).
• 4. Bandura A., (1977), Self-efficacy: Toward a unified theory of behavioral change, "Psychological Review", 84.
• 5. Beer M., Eisenstat R.A., Spector B., (1990), Why Change Programs Don't Produce Change, "Harvard Business Review", November-December.
• 6. Cameron K.S., Quinn R.E., (2003), Kultura organizacyjna - diagnoza i zmiana, Oficyna Ekonomiczna, Kraków.
• 7. Chiles A.M., Zorn T.E., (1995), Empowerment in organizations: employees' perceptions of the influences on empowerment, "Journal of Applied Communication Research", Vol. 23.
• 8. Conger J.A., Kanungo, R.N., (1988), The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice, "Academy of Management Review", Vol. 13(3).
• 9. Cydejko E., Weremowicz E. (red.) (2007), Biznes, tom 7, PWN, Warszawa.
• 10. DeCharms R., (1983), Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London.
• 11. Hofstede G., (2000), Kultury i organizacje, PWE, Warszawa.
• 12. Itzhaky H., York A.S., (2000), Sociopolitical control and empowerment: An extended replication, "Journal of Community Psychology", Vol. 28.
• 13. Itzhaky H., York A.S., (2003), Leadership competence and political control: The influential factors, "Journal of Community Psychology", Vol. 31.
• 14. Kanafa-Chmielewska D., (2008), Kompetencje menedżerskie w zarządzaniu organizacją nonprofit, [w:] Listwan T., Witkowski S.A. (red.), Sukces w zarządzaniu kadrami, Difin, Warszawa.
• 15. Kanafa-Chmielewska D., (2008b), Psychologia społeczności - prezentacja nurtu, "Nowiny Psychologiczne", nr 2.
• 16. Kanafa-Chmielewska D., (2010), Zmiana negatywnego kapitału społecznego w pozytywny jako cel psychologii społeczności (community psychology), [w:] Klimowicz, M. i Bokajło, W. (red.), Kapitał społeczny. Interpretacje, impresje, operacjonalizacja, CeDeWu, Warszawa.
• 17. Kuhl J., Atkinson J.W., (1986), Motivation, thought, and action, Praeger Publishers, New York, Westport, Connecticut, London.
• 18. McClelland D.C., Burnham D.H., (1976), Power is the great motivator, "Harvard Business Review", Vol. 54(2).
• 19. McClelland D., (1975), Power: The inner experience, Irvington, New York.
• 20. Pearce J.L., (2007), Organizational behavior unchained: Commentary on giving peace a chance, "Journal of Organizational Behavior", Vol. 28.
• 21. Peterson N.A., Zimmerman M.A., (2004), Beyond the individual: Toward a nomological network for organization empowerment, "American Journal of Community Psychology", Vol. 34.
• 22. Rappaport J., (1977), Community psychology: Values, research, and action, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
• 23. Reykowski J., (1986), Motywacja, postawy prospołeczne a osobowość, PWN, Warszawa.
• 24. Rotter J., (1990), Internal versus external control of reinforcement, "American Psychologist", Vol. 45(4).
• 25. Ryan R., Deci E., (2000), Self-Determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, "American Psychologist", Vol. 55(1).
• 26. Weissberg R., (1990), The Politics of Empowerment, Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, London.
• 27. White R.W., (1959), Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence, "Psychological Review", Vol. 66(5).
• 28. Wilkinson A., (1998), Empowerment: theory and practice, "Personnel Review", Vol. 27(1).
• 29. Witkowski S.A., Kanafa-Chmielewska D., (2010), Zastosowania psychologii społeczności w zarządzaniu w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy, [w:] Listwan T. i Witkowski S.A. (red.), Menedżer w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, nr 115.
• 30. Wojciszke B., (2002), Człowiek wśród ludzi, Scholar, Warszawa.
• 31. Zimmerman M.A., (1995), Psychological empowerment: issues and illustrations, "American Journal of Community Psychology", Vol. 23.
• 32. Zimmerman M.A., Warschausky S., (1998), Empowerment theory for rehabilitation research. Conceptual and methodological issues, "Rehabilitation Psychology", Vol. 43.
• 33. Zimmerman M.A., Zahniser J.H., (1991), Refinements of spherespecific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale, "Journal of Community Psychology", Vol. 19.