Stygmat i dyskryminacja osób żyjących z HIV/AIDS

• Autorzy: Jolanta Wojciechowska

Warianty tytułu

The Stigma and Discrimination of People Living with HIV/AIDS

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

W artykule omówiono problemy osób zarażonych HIV / AIDS związane z codziennym funkcjonowaniem. Przedstawiono kwestie dotyczące dyskryminacji oraz aspekty związane ze źródłem zakażenia wirusem. Na koniec przytoczono wypowiedzi osób żyjących z HIV / AIDS, które spotkały się z dyskryminacją w gronie rodziny, najbliższym środowisku, w pracy czy w placówkach służby zdrowia.

EN

The dynamic of AIDS shows that the problem of people living with HIV/AIDS is not only a medical problem but also a serious social problem. The devastation caused by HIV/ AIDS is a specific one because it deprives families, communities and whole nations. The epidemic makes poverty deeper, shifts back the achievements of human development, enlarges sex inequalities, diminishes the efficiency of work and labour supply, and also brakes the economic growth. This disease has been still out of control, despite of many achievements. People living with HIV/AIDS have been still experiencing the stigmatization and discrimination against in a society. They suffer from isolation and denial by family, partners and friends. The researches on HIV/AIDS - related stigmatization have proved that people living with HIV/AIDS are stigmatized because: - HIV/AIDS is associated with behaviours that are already stigmatized or considered as deviant, particularly homosexualism and injecting drug use; - People living with HIV/AIDS are thought of as being responsible for having contracted the disease; - HIV/AIDS is a life-threatening disease; - People are afraid of contracting HIV - Religious and moral beliefs that leads some people to conclude that having HIV/AIDS is the result of a moral fault Felt stigma or anticipated discrimination have huge impact on people living with HIV/ AIDS. The disclosure of someone's seropositivity carries much more apprehensions and concerns than simply fear and uncertainty about how other people will react. Those apprehensions and concerns stop people living with HIV/AIDS from the disclosure of HIVstatus to their families or friends. For ill persons it usually does not make possible to get help from their families in job searching, health care or other services. The results of investigations of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination show that it affects almost all aspects of individual's life: education, employment, housing, public places, insurance and health care. Discriminative attitudes persist despite of education about the fact that there is no risk of contracting of HIV in every day circumstances and activities. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination leads to marginalisation and denial people living with HIV/AIDS. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Choroby; AIDS; Wykluczenie społeczne; Zwalczanie dyskryminacji

EN

Illness; AIDS; Social exclusion; Discrimination prohibition

• Czasopismo: Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy
• Rocznik: 2004
• Numer: z. nr 4
• Strony: 415--423

Twórcy

autor

Jolanta Wojciechowska

• Uniwersytet Gdański

Bibliografia

• Aggleton P., HIV and AIDS-related stigmatilization, discrimination and denial: forms, context and determinats. Research study from Uganda and India, UNAIDS/00-16E, 2000.
• Aggleton P. and Warwick P., Household and Community Responses to HIV and AIDS in Developing Countries: Findings from Multi-site Studies, UNAIDS, Geneva 1999.
• Alonzo A. A. and Reynolds N.R., Stigma HIV and AIDS. An explanation and elaboration of stigma trajectory, Social Science and Medicine, 41(3):303-313, 1995.
• Daniel H. and Parker R., Sexuality, Politics and AIDS in Brasil, Falmer Press, London 1993.
• Gagnon J. H. and Simon W., Sexual Conduct, Aldine, Chicago 1973.
• Gładysz A. (red.), Współczesne leczenie HIV i AIDS, Volumed, Wrocław 2000.
• Goffman E., Stigma: notes on the managment of a spoiled identity. Simon and Schuster, New York 1963.
• Goldin C. S., Stigmatization and AIDS, critical issues in public health, Social Science and Medicine 39:359-366, 1994.
• Gostin L. O. and Lazzarini Z., Human Rights and Public Health in the AIDS Pandemic, Oxford University Press, New York 1997.
• Herek G., Mitnick L., Burris S., Chesney M. Et al. Report: AIDS & stigma: a conceptual framework and research agenda, AIDS & Public Policy Journal 13(1):36-47, 1998.
• Kirp D. L. and Bayer R. (ed.), AIDS in the Industrialized Democracies, NJ: Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick 1992.
• Krawczyk-Wasilewska V., AIDS. Studium antropologiczne, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2000.
• Malcom A., et al., HIV and AIDS-related stigmatilization and discrimination: its form and context, Critical Public Health 8(4):347-370, 1998.
• Mann N J., Tarantola D. J. M. and Netter T. W. (ed.), AIDS in the World, MA: Harvard University Press, Boston 1992.
• Manuel C. and al., The ethical approach to AIDS, a bibliographical review, Journal of Medical Ethics 16:14-27, 1990.
• McGrath J.W., The biological impact of social responses to the AIDS epidemic, Medical Antropology 15:63-79, 1992.
• Parker R. G., Aggleton P., Attawel K., Pulerwitz J., Brown L., HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and an agenda for action, Horizons Program, New York 2002.
• Parker R. G., Easton D. and Klein C., Structural barriers and facilitators in HIV prevention: a review of international research, AIDS 14 (Suppl. 1): S22-S32, 2000.
• Parker R.G. and Galvão J. (ed.), Quebrando o Silencio: Mulheres e AIDS no Brasil, Editora Relume-Dumará, Rio de Janerio 1996.
• Plummer K., Sexual Stigma: An Interactionist Approach. Routledge and Kegan, London 1975.
• Ślusarczyk J., Proces stygmatyzacji a dyskryminacja osób żyjących z HIV, MSJ, Warszawa 1997.
• Szata W., AIDS i zakażenia HIV w 2000 roku, "Przegląd Epidemiologiczny", nr 2, 2002.
• Tomasevski K. et al., AIDS and human rights, [w:] AIDS in the World, ed. J. Mann, D.J.M. Tarantola and T.W. Netter. MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
• Watney S., Imagine Hope: AIDS and Gay Identity, Routledge, London and New York 2000.
• Weeks J., Sex Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality Since 1800, Longman, New York 1981.
• Wojciechowska J., Problemy osób żyjących z HIV/AIDS, Problemy Rodziny, 1998.