Fokalizm (vs egocentryzm) a porównawczy optymizm

• Autorzy: Kornel Świątnicki , Agnieszka Barakowska , Maja Kiżys

Warianty tytułu

Focalism vs Egocentrism and Comparative Optimism

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

W artykule zostały przedstawione i skonfrontowane empirycznie dwie modne koncepcje wyjaśniające zjawisko porównawczego optymizmu: egocentryczna i fokalistyczna. Wykonano dwa badania, których wyniki w jednoznaczny sposób potwierdzają zasadność koncepcji fokalistycznej. Okazało się bowiem, że odwrócenie kierunku porównania, w taki sposób, aby badani porównywali cudzą sytuację z własną sytuacją (a nie własną sytuację z sytuacją innych ludzi) spowodowało odwrócenie znanej zależności między spostrzeganą częstością zdarzeń i wielkością porównawczego optymizmu, który rósł wraz ze wzrostem częstości zdarzeń - w przypadku zdarzeń niepożądanych (Badanie 1) i malał - w przypadku zdarzeń pożądanych (Badanie 2). Prezentowane badania są pierwszymi w literaturze, w których zaobserwowaną taki wzór zależności. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article presents and confronts empirically two popular conceptions explaining the phenomenon of comparative optimism: egocentric and focalistic ones. The results of two consecutive experiments unequivocally supported the validity of the focalistic conception. The studies proved that the reversal of the direction of comparison in such a way that subjects had to compare the situation of the generalized other with their own situation (instead of comparing their own situation with the situation of the generalized other) resulted in the reversal of well known relationship between the perceived frequency of events and the amount of comparative optimism, which increased altogether with the perceived frequency of negative events (Study 1) and decreased altogether with the perceived frequency of positive events (Study 2). This research is the first one in the literature showing such a pattern of results. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Społeczeństwo; Szacowanie prawdopodobieństwa; Psychologia człowieka

EN

Society; Probability estimation; Human psychology

• Czasopismo: Decyzje
• Rocznik: 2010
• Numer: nr 14
• Strony: 85--105

Twórcy

autor

Kornel Świątnicki

• Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie

autor

Agnieszka Barakowska

• Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, absolwent

autor

Maja Kiżys

• Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, absolwent

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