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Czasopismo
2009 | nr 12 | 53--77
Tytuł artykułu

Nierealistyczny optymizm wczoraj i dziś - nowe spojrzenie na mechanizmy zniekształceń w społecznych sądach porównawczych

Warianty tytułu
Unrealistic Optimism - the Current View of the Mechanisms Underlying the Biases in Social Comparative Judgments
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
Nierealistyczny optymizm, czyli tendencję do uprzywilejowanego widzenia siebie i własnej przyszłości w porównaniach z Innymi, rozpatrywano zwykle jako przejaw rozumowania motywacyjnego. W ostatnim czasie na plan pierwszy przesunęły się wyjaśnienia pozamotywacyjne. Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje przegląd nowych interpretacji, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na wyjaśnienia poznawcze. W pierwszej części jest krótkie omówienie interpretacji motywacyjnych. Następnie przedstawione są dominujące w najnowszej literaturze przedmiotu interpretacje poznawcze: egocentryzm, fokalizm, podejście LOGE. Ostatnia część poświęcona jest propozycji alternatywnych interpretacji zniekształceń porównawczych, które nawiązują do modelu podobieństwa Tversky'ego (1977). (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Unrealistic optimism is a tendency of people to see their own chances to be above average for positive events and below average for negative events. These effects are often regarded as products of motivated reasoning. Recently however the nonmotivated accounts of comparative biases are more popular. The present paper discusses the existing cognitive explanations of the mechanisms underlying the biases in the comparative judgments. First, the authoress briefly reviews motivational accounts of comparative biases. Then there are presented the most popular nonmotivated accounts: egocentrism, focalism and LOGE approach. Finally, the article discusses an alternative explanation of biased comparative judgments that stems from the feature matching model of Tversky (1977). (original abstract)
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
53--77
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Instytut Psychologii PAN
Bibliografia
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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