Instytucjonalne formy opieki nad dzieckiem w Polsce po roku 1990

• Autorzy: Milena Lange

Warianty tytułu

The Institutional Childcare and the Changes of Procreation Behavior

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie funkcjonujących w Polsce po 1990 roku rozwiązań w zakresie instytucjonalnej opieki nad dzieckiem w kontekście zmieniającej się sytuacji demograficznej. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Due to the after wave of the post-war demographic boom, which maximum was observed in 1983 (over 720 thous. children were born that year), until the mid-eighties 1980, the number of children at the crèche age (0-2 years) was growing. In the second half of the nineteen-nineties and at the beginning of the 21st century, despite the improving demographic situation following demographic changes comprising postponement of decisions concerning marriage and procreation, as well as due to lower fertility, the number of children at the crèche age and at the pre-primary age had been systematically decreasing. In 1990, a drop in the number of children was observed from nearly 1.7 million children aged 0-2 years and 2.6 million aged 3-6, to the respective levels of 1.2 and 1.4 million, therefore by 30% less in the youngest age group and by as high as 45% in the older age group. In Poland before the year 1989, organization and maintaining of nurseries and kindergartens fell within the remit of the public administration. Their financing was based on the state budgetary means. After the year 1989, the sector of institutional services of childcare of children aged up to 3 years changed significantly. Many facilities were closed or privatised, while the network of non-public childcare establishments stays underdeveloped. Beside nurseries, which operate as either public or non-public healthcare facilities. Therefore, institutional childcare of children 2 years old and younger is provided mainly by nurseries. The continued tendency, that has been observed since the beginning of transition period in Poland, is a decreasing number of childcare facilities and a declining number of children participating in these services. New facilities were opened in the last few years; therefore, in 2008 the combined number of nurseries amounted to 392. In the eighties, the number of kindergartens, as well as the number of places available in kindergartens, was increasing decidedly faster than the facilities for children below 2 years of age. The main criterion differentiating accessibility of nurseries or kindergartens is place of residence, namely the division into urban and rural areas. Jointly, since the beginning of transition, almost 25% decline in the number of children attending kindergartens has been observed. In the school year 2007/2008 in Poland, only 47.3% children aged 3-5 participated in pre-primary education. The main aim of this paper is connection with procreation behavior and institutional childcare of a child at the crèche and kindergarten age in Poland.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Opieka nad dzieckiem; Dzieci; Instytucje publiczne; Przekształcenia ustrojowo-systemowe

EN

Childcare; Children; Public institutions; Political and systemic transformations

• Czasopismo: Studia Ekonomiczne / Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
• Rocznik: 2012
• Numer: nr 98 Demograficzne uwarunkowania rozwoju społecznego
• Strony: 197--204

Twórcy

autor

Milena Lange

• Uniwersytet Łódzki

Bibliografia

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• P. Szukalski: Projekcje demograficzne a popyt na usługi opiekuńcze i edukacyjne. "Polityka Społeczna" 2008, nr 5-6, s. 22.
• P. Szukalski: Zapotrzebowanie na instytucjonalne formy opieki nad małym dzieckiem w Polsce w perspektywie roku 2020. W: System instytucjonalnej opieki nad dzieckiem w aspekcie godzenia życia zawodowego z rodzinnym. Red. C. Sadowska-Snarska. Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Białymstoku, Białystok 2008, s. 53