Konsekwencje globalizacji dla klastrów

• Autorzy: Barbara Jankowska

Warianty tytułu

The Impact of Globalization on Clusters

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Cel artykułu
Klastering uruchamiający procesy regionalizacji zachęca do dyskusji nad znaczeniem lokalizacji i odległości geograficznej dla międzynarodowej konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw. Celem artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: czy globalizacja neutralizuje znaczenie czynnika lokalizacji i odległości geograficznej dla międzynarodowej konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa, a więc czy rzeczywiście istnienie i rozwój klastrów jest paradoksem w świetle procesów globalizacji? Co stanowi kluczowy mechanizm oddziaływania globalizacji na klastry i jak zmieniają się klastry pod wpływem globalizacji?
Metodologia
Autorka, stosując rozumowanie na zasadzie dedukcji, przeprowadziła pogłębione i krytyczne studia literaturowe. Badania oparto na wnioskach płynących z licznych opracowań, w szczególności artykułów w recenzowanych czasopismach, które koncentrują się na problemach biznesu międzynarodowego, lokalizacji oraz odległości geograficznej. Szczególne miejsce w artykule zajmują rozważania dotyczące efektów przenikania wiedzy między podmiotami gospodarczymi.
Rezultaty badawcze
W toku przeprowadzonych studiów literaturowych ustalono, że globalizacja nie zmniejszyła znaczenia czynnika lokalizacji i odległości geograficznej dla konkurencyjności firm, branż czy sieci branż, jakimi są klastry. Proces globalizacji co najwyżej nieco zmienia znaczenie lokalizacji i odległości geograficznej dla konkurencyjności firm. Kluczowym mechanizmem, poprzez który globalizacja oddziałuje na klastry, jest napływ do i odpływ z nich BIZ. Efektem działania tego mechanizmu jest wzmożone przenikanie wiedzy między firmami lokalnymi w klastrach i firmami zagranicznymi, które do nich wchodzą.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The purpose of the paper
The popularity of clustering in many countries prompts discussions on the importance of geographical distance and location for international competitiveness of companies. The author tries to answer the following questions: does the globalization diminish the importance of location and geographical distance for international competitiveness of firms? Is the development of clusters a paradox in the era of globalization? What mechanism is responsible for globalization's impact on clusters and how is their nature changed?
Methodology
The author uses deductive approach to conduct an in-depth critical literature review. The study draws on results presented in many journals papers, books and reports focusing on international business, location, and geographical proximity. Special emphasis is put on the problems of knowledge spillovers between domestic cluster members and foreign firms entering clusters through foreign direct investment (FDI).
Conclusions
It is found that globalization does not diminish the relevance of location and geographical distance for international competitiveness of firms. The development of clusters is not a paradox even in the era of globalization. The crucial mechanism of globalization's influence on clusters is the FDI inflow and outflow, the main consequence - an increased intensity of knowledge spillovers within clusters.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Globalizacja; Klastry; Koncepcja klastrów; Lokalizacja przemysłu

EN

Globalization; Business cluster; Cluster conception; Location of industry

• Czasopismo: Studia Ekonomiczne / Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych
• Rocznik: 2011
• Numer: nr 2 (69)
• Strony: 149--170

Twórcy

autor

Barbara Jankowska

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

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