The Determination of a Corporate Group: Accounting and Taxation Perspectives in Poland and the Czech Republic

• Autorzy: John Craner , Marek Schroeder
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper compares de jure accounting and taxation regulations for groups of companies among Poland, the Czech Republic and the UK. Observed differences among the countries and - with respect to accounting rules - differences in respect of supranational requirements are explained in the context of socioeconomic transition. Specific suggestions for reform of the legislation in Poland and the Czech Republic are made. Nevertheless, the paper identifies opportunities for accounting and taxation arbitrage which may affect the financing decisions of investors and lenders as well as those of corporate group managers. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Accounting; Taxation; Capital group; Taxes

PL

Rachunkowość; Opodatkowanie; Grupa kapitałowa; Podatki

• Czasopismo: Raporty. Opracowania. Referaty / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Poznaniu
• Rocznik: 1999
• Numer: nr 10 Proceedings of the Ace/Phare Conference on Building Financial Institutions in Transition Economies, Poznań, Poland, 14-15 May, 1999
• Strony: 80--133

Twórcy

autor

John Craner

• University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

autor

Marek Schroeder

• University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Bibliografia

• Accounting Standards Board (ASB). 1992. Financial Reporting Standard No.2 Accounting for subsidiary undertakings. London : ASB.
• Accounting Standards Board (ASB). 1997. Financial Reporting Standard No.9 Associates and joint ventures. London : ASB.
• Adams, Carol A. and Katarzyna M. McMillan. 1997. "Internationalizing Financial Reporting in a Newly Emerging Market Economy : The Polish Example" Advances in International Accounting. 10 : 139-164.
• Alexander, David. 1993. "A European true and fair view?" European Accounting Review. 2(1) : 59-80.
• Alexander, David and Simon Archer. 1995. "Eastern Europe : Overview" In Alexander, David and Simon Archer (eds). European Accounting Guide. 2nd ed. New York : Harcourt Brace & Company : 1371-1377.
• Avery, Graham and Fraser Cameron. 1998. The Enlargement of the European Union. Sheffield UK : Sheffield Academic Press.
• Bailey, Derek. 1995. "Accounting in transition in the transitional economy" European Accounting Review. 4(4) : 595-623.
• Cairns, David. 1995. A Guide to Applying International Accounting Standards. Milton Keynes, UK : Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
• Companies Act 1985. In British Companies Legislation 1997. Oxford: CCH Editions Limited: 101-759.
• Companies Act 1989. In British Companies Legislation 1997. Oxford: CCH Editions Limited: 2,201-2,313.
• Craner, John. 1993. "Privatisation in Czechoslovakia and the EC Harmonisation of Financial Reporting : A Problem of Matching" European Business and Economic Development. (January): 7-15.
• Dixon, Rob and Alicja Jaruga. 1994. "The Changing Face of Accountancy in Poland" In The New Europe : Recent Political and Economic Implications for Accountants and Accounting. University of Illinois : Centre for International Education and Research in Accounting : 233-252.
• Dolezal, Jan. 1995. "The Czech Republic" In Alexander, David and Simon Archer (eds). European Accounting Guide. 2nd ed. New York : Harcourt Brace & Company : 1465-1484.
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). 1995. Transition Report. London:EBRD.
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). 1996. Transition Report. London : EBRD.
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). 1997. Transition Report. London : EBRD.
• European Commission. 1978. "Fourth Council Directive of 25 July 1978 on the coordination of national legislation governing the annual accounts of certain types of companies (78/660/EEC)" Official Journal of the European Communities. No.L222/l 1.
• European Commission. 1983. "Seventh Council Directive of 13 June 1983 based on the Article 54(3)(g) of the treaty on consolidated accounts (83/349/EEC)" Official Journal of the European Communities. No.L193/l.
• European Commission. 1995. White Paper : Preparation of the Associated Countries of Central and Eastern Europe for integration into the Internal Market of the Union. COM(95) 163 final (3 May 1995).
• European Commission. 1996. Contact Committee on the Accounting Directives: An examination of the conformity between the international accounting standards and the European accounting directives. Luxembourg : European Commission.
• Federation des Experts Comptables Europeens (FEE). 1991. European Survey of Published Accounts. London : Routledge.
• Federation des Experts Comptables Europeens (FEE). 1992. Analysis of European Accounting and Disclosure Practices. London : Routledge.
• Federation des Experts Comptables Europeens (FEE). 1993 Seventh Directive Options and their Implementation. London : Routledge.
• Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay. 1996. "The accounting implications of political and economic reform in central Europe" In Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds). Accounting in Transition. London : Routledge : 1-11.
• Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds). 1996. Accounting in Transition : The Implications of Political and Economic Reform in Central Europe. London : Routledge.
• Gray Sidney J. and Clare B. Roberts. 1991. "East-West Accounting Issues : A New Agenda" Accounting Horizons. (March): 42-50.
• Gray, Sidney J., Coenenberg, Adolf and Paul Gordon. 1993. International Group Accounting : Issues in European Harmonization. London : Routledge.
• Holeckova, Jaroslava. 1996. "Relationship between accounting and taxation in the Czech Republic" European Accounting Review. 5(Supplement): 859-869.
• Ignatowski, Radosław. 1995. Konsolidacia Sprawozdań Finansowych w Teorii i Praktvce Rachunkowości. Warsaw : Fundacja Rozwoju Rachunkowości w Polsce.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1983. Preface to Statements of International Accounting Standards. London : IASC.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1989. Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. London : IASC.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1989. International Accounting Standard No.27 Consolidated Financial Statements and Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries. London : IASC.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1989. International Accounting Standard No.28 Accounting for Investments in Associates. London : IASC.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1990. International Accounting Standard No.31 Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures. London : IASC.
• International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). 1998. Current Project : Developing Countries and Countries in Transition. Online at http://www.iasc.org.uk/frame/cen3_23.htm.
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank). 1996. World Development Report 1996 : From Plan to Market. New York : Oxford University Press, Inc.
• Jaruga, Alicja. 1991. "Accounting Issues Arising in the Context of the Transition to Market Economies : The Experience of Poland" In OECD. Accounting Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris : Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition : 39-41.
• Jaruga, Alicja. 1993a. "Changing rules of accounting in Poland" European Accounting Review. 2(1) : 115-126.
• Jaruga, Alicja. 1993b. "New accounting regulation in Poland : current issues" Research in Third World Accounting. 2 : 856-96.
• Jaruga, Alicja. 1995. "Poland" In Alexander, David and Simon Archer (eds). European Accounting Guide. 2nd. ed. New York : Harcourt Brace & Company : 1465-1484.
• Jaruga, Alicja. 1996. "Accounting in socialist countries : the beginnings of reform". In Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds). Accounting in Transition. London . Routledge : 12-27.
• Jaruga, Alicja, Walińska, Ewa and Andrzej Baniewicz. 1996. "The relationship between accounting and taxation in Poland" European Accounting Review. 5(Supplement): 883-897.
• Jaruga, Alicja and Anna Szychta. 1997. "The origin and evolution of charts of accounts in Poland" European Accounting Review. 6(3): 509-526.
• Jermakowicz, Eva and Dolores F. Rinke. 1996. "The New Accounting Standards in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland Vis-a-Vis International Accounting Standards and European Union Directives" Journal of International Accounting and Taxation. 5(1): 73-87.
• Johnson, Todd. 1999. "Levelling the playing field" Accountancy. February: 82.
• Kamela-Sowińska, Aldona. 1995. "Goodwill in the process of privatization in Poland" European Accounting Review. 4(4): 765-776.
• Kamela-Sowińska, Aldona. 1996. Wartość Firmv. Warsaw : Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
• Kelly, Jim. 1998. "Brussels pushes for changes on company reports" Financial Times. February 19:1.
• Krzywda, Danuta, Bailey, Derek and Marek Schroeder. 1994. "Financial reporting by Polish listed companies for 1991". European Accounting Review. 3(2) : 311- 328.
• Krzywda, Danuta, Bailey, Derek and Marek Schroeder. 1995. "A theory of European accounting development applied to accounting change in contemporary Poland" European Accounting Review. 4(4) : 625-657.
• Krzywda, Danuta, Bailey, Derek and Marek Schroeder. 1996. "The impact of accounting regulation on financial reporting in Poland" In Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds), Accounting in Transition. London : Routledge : 61-92.
• Langr, Ladislav. 1991. "Income Statement and Profit Allocation in the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic" In OECD. Accounting Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris : Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition : 67-70.
• Lisiecka-Zajac, Bozena. 1991. "The Reform of Accountancy in Poland" In OECD. Accounting Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris : Centre for Cooperation with European Economies in Transition : 139-142.
• Meek, Gary K. and Shahrokh M. Saudagaran. 1990. "A Survey of Research on Financial Reporting in a Transnational Context" Journal of Accountin; Literature. 9 : 145-182.
• Misińska, Danuta. 1998. 'Przesłanki przestrzegania prawa bilansowego przez podmioty gospodarcze' In Rachunkowość w Progu XXI w. Fundacja Rozwoju Rachunkowości w Polsce : Warsaw : 173-178.
• Nobes, Christopher. 1983. "Review of Multinational accounting : A research framework for the eighties, by F.D.S.Choi" Accounting Review (April) : 464- 465.
• Ordelheide, Dieter and Anne Semler. 1995. Transnational Accounting: A Reference Matrix. London : Macmillan Press.
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1991. Accounting Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris : Centre for Cooperation with European Economies in Transition (OECD).
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Secretariat. 1991. "Accounting Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe : Main Issues" In OECD. Accounting Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. Paris : Centre for Cooperation with European Economies Transition : 11-21.
• Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 1993. Valuation and Privatisation. Paris: Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition.
• Parker, Robert and Christopher Nobes. 1998. "Financial reporting in Central and Eastern Europe and China" In Nobes, Christopher and Robert Parker (eds). Comparative International Accounting. 5th ed. Hemel Hempstead, UK : Prentice Hall Europe : 292-304.
• Patton, James and Ivan Zelenka. 1997. "An empirical analysis of the determinants of the extent of disclosure in annual reports of joint stock companies in the Czech Republic" European Accounting Review. 6(4) : 605-626.
• Rahman, Asheq, Perera, Hector and Siva Ganeshanandam. 1996. "Measurement of Formal Harmonisation in Accounting : An Exploratory Study" Accounting and Business Research. 26(4) : 325-339.
• Richard, Jacques. 1998. "Accounting in Eastern Europe : from communism to capitalism" In Walton, Peter, Haller, Axel and Bernard Raffournier (eds). International Accounting. London : International Thomson Business Press : 295-323.
• "Rozporządzenie Ministra Finansów z dnia 14 czerwca 1995 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad sporządzania przez jednostki inne niż banki skonsolidowanych sprawozdań finansowych" Dziennik Ustaw. 1995, No.71, item 355.
• Schroll, Rudolf. 1995. "The new accounting system in the Czech Republic" European Accounting Review. 4(4) : 827-832.
• Seal, Willie, Sucher, Pat and Ivan Zelenka. 1995. "The changing organisation of Czech accounting" European Accounting Review. 4(4) : 659-681.
• Seal, Willie, Sucher, Pat and Ivan Zelenka. 1996. "Post-socialist Transition and the Development of an Accountancy Profession in the Czech Republic" Critical Perspectives on Accounting. 7 : 485-508.
• Shama, Avraham and Christopher G. McMahan. 1990. "Perestroika and Soviet Accounting : From an Planned to a Market Economy" International Journal of Accounting. 25 : 155-169.
• Sochacka, Renata and Jean-Louis Malo. 1996. "Emerging capital markets, securities regulation and accounting : a systems perspective" In Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds). Accounting in Transition. London : Routledge : 28-42.
• Sucher, Pat, Seal, Willie and Ivan Zelenka. 1996. "True and fair in the Czech Republic : a note on local perceptions" European Accounting Review. 5(3) : 545-557.
• Tay, J.S.W. and Robert Parker. 1990. "Measuring International Harmonization and Standardization" Abacus. 26(1) : 71-88.
• Trade Links. 1997. Accounting Legislation in 1997. Prague : Trade Links.
• Trade Links, 1997. Commercial Code. Prague : Trade Links.
• United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO). 1992. Accounting Problems arising during Privatization in Poland. Commission on Transnational Corporations, Tenth Session. E/C. 10/AC.3.
• "Ustawa z dnia 29 wrzesnia 1994 r. o rachunkowosci" Dziennik Ustaw. 1994 No. 121, item 591.
• Zelenka, Ivan, Seal,. William and Pat Sucher. 1996. "The emerging institutional framework of accounting in the Czech and Slovak Republics" In Garrod, Neil and Stuart McLeay (eds). Accounting in Transition. London : Routledge : 93- 115.
• Zelenka, Vladimir,. 1995. "Legal framework for consolidated financial statements in the Czech Republic compared with international practice" Paper presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association, Birmingham UK, 10-12 May, 1995.