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Macro-economic Determinants that Affect Electricity Prices in Poland
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Determinantami makroekonomicznymi wpływającymi bezpośrednio na koszty ponoszone przez odbiorcę końcowego energii elektrycznej są: • stosunek popytu do podaży wynikający z możliwości infrastruktury energetycznej oraz wskaźników makroekonomicznych takich jak tempo wzrostu PKB; • cena paliwa mającego dominujący udział w produkcji energii; • polityka ochrony klimatu oraz środowiska realizowana w Unii Europejskiej; • polityka fi skalna (podatek akcyzowy, VAT, podatki ekologiczne1). Celem artykułu jest analiza wyżej wymienionych czynników pod kątem ich wpływu na wzrost cen energii elektrycznej w Polsce.(fragment tekstu)
The market for trading electricity for industrial customers was released in Poland in 2008. Thanks to the marketing division and transmission of electricity became a commodity, the calculation of the purchase price only. Quality and security of supply guarantees the customer a contract to provide transmission service in the delivery of energy from your local distributor. Because despite the release of market prices for electricity in Poland is steadily decreasing its reasons must be sought in macro-economic factors. In particular, the rapid pace of price increases has been felt by consumers in 2008, and then from mid-2010. Macro-economic determinants infl uencing the electricity price in Poland are: • The ratio of demand and supply due to the possibility of energy infrastructure and the accompanied by indicators such as GDP growth, • The price of fuel which has a share of the energy production architectonic • Climate protection policy and the environment implemented in the European Union • Fiscal policy (excise duties, VAT, environmental taxes). Analysis of the factors described above showed that the main cause of rising electricity prices Poland is the simultaneous imposition of a dwindling supply and the introduction of new indirect taxes and direct. Low supply due to lack of investment over the last 40 years. New taxes are an instrument of implementation of commitments undertaken by Poland in the framework of climate policy and the environment. Because of the Polish energy industry based on the new carbon tax charge related to with the purchase of CO2 emission allowances and renewable energy share in the balance of manufacturing, may contribute to the economic slowdown. The solution may be to introduce tax diff erentiation depending on the amount of energy consumed by the entrepreneur. This would mitigate the negative eff ects of an imminent increase in electricity prices in the coming years.(original abstract)
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- Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Ciechanowie
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