Kryzys finansowo-gospodarczy akceleratorem zmian w światowym systemie politycznym

• Autorzy: Zygmunt Janiec

Warianty tytułu

Financial and Economic Crisis as an Accelerator of Changes in the Global Political System

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Zasadniczym celem autora artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czy i w jakim stopniu kryzys finansowy i gospodarczy lat 2008-2010 wpłynął na układ sił politycznych w świecie? Przyjęta metoda badawcza polega na ustalaniu relacji między dynamiką a kierunkiem zmian w światowym układzie sił gospodarczych i układem politycznym świata. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają słuszność tezy o różnym stopniu oddziaływania czynników gospodarczych na pozycję polityczną państw i ugrupowań państw. Ostatni kryzys tylko w niewielkim stopniu osłabił przodującą rolę USA w świecie. Doszło wprawdzie do odczuwalnego wzrostu w polityce światowej państw zaliczanych wcześniej do tzw. Południa, ale Stany Zjednoczone nadal odgrywają rolę niekwestionowanego lidera w świecie. Kryzys w największym stopniu wpłynął na osłabienie pozycji państw europejskich w polityce międzynarodowej. W dobie kryzysu wydatnie wzrosła rola Chin w polityce światowej, ale w dużym stopniu przyczyniły się do tego również i inne czynniki, które już przestają mieć znaczenie (igrzyska olimpijskie w Pekinie, Expo w Szanghaju). Kryzys nie zmienił w istotny sposób istniejącego układu sił w świecie. Doszło jedynie do modyfikacji układu wielobiegunowego, kierowanego tak jak przed kryzysem, przez Stany Zjednoczone. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The author of the article aims to answer a question if and to what extent the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010 has influenced the lineup of political forces in the world. The research method consists in determining the relations between the dynamics and the direction of changes in the global lineup of economic forces and the global political system. The results of the conducted research confirm the rightness of the thesis that there is a varied level of influence of economic factors on the political position of states and groups of states. The latest crisis only slightly weakened the leading position of the United States in the world. It is true that a noticeable growth of countries formerly included in the co called South appeared in the global politics, but the United States still plays the role of an unquestioned leader in the world. The crisis had the biggest influence on the European countries and weakened their political position in the international politics. During the crisis, the role of China in the world politics increased considerably but it was also due to other factors which are not important any longer (the Olympic Games in Beijing, the World Expo in Shanghai). The crisis has not changed the lineup of forces in the world. Only a modification of a multi-polar system has taken place but, as before the crisis, it is led by the United States. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Kryzys finansowy państwa; Kryzys gospodarczy; Polityka międzynarodowa; Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze

EN

State financial crisis; Economic crisis; International politics; International economic relations

• Czasopismo: Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna
• Rocznik: 2011
• Numer: nr 3 (34)
• Strony: 60--87

Twórcy

autor

Zygmunt Janiec

• Uczelnia Łazarskiego w Warszawie

Bibliografia

• Auslin M., Why the World Will be Worse Without a Liberal Hegemon, National Review Online, Dec.29.2010, www.cbcnews.com/stories/2010/12/29/ opinion/main7194622.shtml.
• Asia economy: Key issues in 2011, The Economist Intelligence Unit, December 31st, 2010, http://viewswire.eiu.com/index.asp?
• Back A. and Dean J., China's GDP growth fuels concern, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 21-23.01.2011.
• Barysch K., Germany, the euro and the politics of the bail-out, Centre for European Reform, briefing note, June 2010, http:// www.cer.org.uk/pdf/ bn-barysch_germanyandeurope_ 28june10.pdf
• Cameron D., Building British Cooperation with China, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 09.11.2010.
• Childress S., IMF raises outlook for African growth, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 26.10.2010.
• China buys up the world. And the world should stay open for business, "The Economist" z 11.11.2010.
• China People 2011, http://theodora.com./wfbcurrent/china/china_people.html/.
• Cline R., Renminbi Undrvaluation, China's Surplus and the US Trade Deficit, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Policy Brief Number P.B. 10-20, August 2010, www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb10-20.pdf.
• Dean J., Browne A. and Oster S., State capitalism' in China spur round of global backlash, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 17.11.2010.
• Drezner D.W., ...And China Isn't Beating the U.S., publikacja w zbiorze: Unconventional Wisdom-An FP Special Report, http://www.foreignpolicy.co.? articles/2011/01/02/unconventional_wisdom?page=0,4
• European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2010 on Tibet - plans to make Chinese the main language of instruction, www:europarl.europa/en/meet-docs/2009-2014/documents/droi/dv/p7_taprov/2010 /0449_en/pdf.
• Ferguson N., In China's Orbit, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 22.11.2010.
• Giles Ch. and Dyer G., UK urges political change in Beijing, "Financial Times" z 10.11.2010.
• Global Governance 2025: At a Critical Juncture, National Intelligence Unit, September 2010, http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_2025/2025_Global_Gover nance.pdf.
• Global Risks 2011. Sixth Edition, World Economic Forum, January 2011, http://riskreport. weforum.org/global-risks-2011.pdf.
• Gonzalez A., Cnooc returns to U.S. energy with gas deal, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 12.10.2010.
• Gros D., Womock B., Voskressenski A.D., The Rise of China: Politics of the EU, Russia and the US, European Securiy Forum Working Paper No. 30, February 2008, www. ceps.eu/book/rise-china-politics-eu-russia-and-us.
• Guerot U., How European is the new Germany?, http://ecfr.eu/content/entry/ commentary-how-european-is-the-new-germany.
• G-20 Seoul Summit Leader's Declaration November 11-12, 2010, http://www. g20org/ pub_communiques.aspx.
• Hayaski Y., Japanease leader launches trade push, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 8.11.2010.
• Hodge N., Northrop Grumman redeploys as U.S. budget ax nears, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 16.11.2010.
• India People 2011, http//www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/india/india_people. html/.
• Ireland Viital statistics, December 2008, IDA Ireland, www.idaireland.com/ news-media/ publications/library-publications/ida-ireland- publications (Vital Statistics, Dec.2008 pdf).
• Jones P., Unreasonable Ambitions, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 15.11.2010.
• Kurlantzick J., The Asian Century? Not Quite Yet, publikacja udostępniona za pośrednictwem amerykańskiego Council of Foreign Relations, www:cfr. org/publication/23794/asia_ century_not_quite_yet.html.
• Leading Through Civilian Power. The First Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, 2010, http://www.state.gOv/s/dmr/qdrr/153139.pdf.
• MacDonald A., Cameron unveils defence cuts, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 20.11.2010.
• MacDonald B.W., China Space Weapons and U.S. Security, Council on Foreign Relations, CSR No. 38, September 2008, www.cfr.org/publication/1670/ china_spac_weapons_and_us_security.html.
• MacSharry R., White P., The Making of the Celtic Tiger. The Inside Story of the Ireland's Boom Economy, Mercier Press, Cork 2001.
• McDonald K.C. and Patrick S.M., UN Security Council Enlargement and U.S. Interests, Council on Foreign Relations, Council Special Report No. 59, December 2010.
• Mcdowell D., The Dollar Will Survive Russia- China Trade Deal, "World Politics Review", 24 December 2010.
• Milczarek D., Świat na rozdrożu - ewolucja międzynarodowego otoczenia Unii Europejskiej, "Studia Europejskie" 2009, nr 4(52), Centrum Europejskie Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
• Military Expenditure of China, SIPRI, http://milexdata.sipri.org/result.phpA
• Moncharmont O., Rebuilding global governance with the BRICs, część 4 opracowania European Council on Foreign Relations, Geopolitics on Chinese Terms: How does China think it should deal with Europe and the World, http://www.ecfr/content/programmes/C11.
• Norman L., Cameron turns to creating jobs, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 25.10.2010.
• Norman L., U.K aims to cash on its ties with China, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 8.11.2010.
• Nye J.S., American and Chinese Power after the Financial Crisis, "The Washington Quarterly", October 2010.
• Obama at 100 Days: Strong Job Approval, Even Hgher Personal Ratings, Better Ratings for Foreign Policy than Domestic Issues, The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, Survey Reports, April 23, 2009, http://people-press.org/report/obama-at-100-days.
• O'Donnell C.M., A transatlantic defene market, forever elusive?, Centre for European Reform, Policy brief, www.cer.org.uk/pdf/pb_transatlantic_ defence_july10.pdf.
• O'Donnell C.M., The EU finally opens up the defence market, Centre for European Reform policy brief, June 2009 ,www.cer.org.uk/pdf/policybrief_ defencemarket_june09.pdf.
• Overholt W.H., China in the Global Financial Crisis: Rising Influence, Rising Challenges, "The Washington Quarterly", January 2010.
• Paavonen T., A New World Economic Order: Overhauling the Global Economic Governance as a Result of the Financial Crisis, 2008-2009, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Report 24/10.
• Penttila R., Multilateralism light: The rise of informal international governance, Centre for European Reform. EU 2020 essay, www: cer.org.uk/pdf/ penttila_essay_july09.pdf.
• Ramstad E., The Miracle Is Over. Now What?, "The Wall Street Journal Europe" z 8.11.2010.
• Ramzy A., China Flexes Its Muscles with Stealth Fighter Test, "TIME" z 11.01.2011, http:// www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2941755,00. html.
• Revitalizing the United Nations and Multilateral Cooperation: The Obama Administration's Progress, uwagi Esther Brimmer, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, February 1, 2011, Washington D.C., U.S. Department of State Weekly Digest Bulletin, 30.01.2001.
• Rosati D.K. (red.), Euro - ekonomia i polityka, Oficyna Wydawnicza WSHiP, Warszawa 2009.
• Segal A., Software of Innovation is Crucial for Maintaining the U.S. Competitive Advantage Over Asia, SSTI Weekly Digist, Vol. 11, Issue 1, January 5, 2011, Web Version - www:ssti.org/Digest/2011//010511.htm