Programowanie inwestycji ochrony wód przy zastosowaniu matematycznych modeli optymalizacyjnych

• Autorzy: Rafał Miłaszewski

Warianty tytułu

The Programming of Water Protection Investments with the Application of Mathematical Optimization Models

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Zastosowanie modeli optymalizacyjnych w programowaniu inwestycji ochrony wód umożliwia uzyskanie oszczędności kosztów inwestycyjnych i eksploatacyjnych w zakresie oczyszczania ścieków w porównaniu z tradycyjnymi metodami programowania. Praktyczne stosowanie tych modeli wymaga dysponowania aktualnymi wskaźnikami kosztów oczyszczania ścieków. Prezentowane w niniejszym artykule modele optymalizacyjne mogą być stosowane przez Regionalne Zarządy Gospodarki Wodnej oraz spółki wodno-ściekowe przy opracowywaniu programów inwestycyjnych ochrony wód określonych zlewni. Dalsze prace nad optymalizacją kosztów oczyszczania ścieków w systemach zlewniowych powinny zmierzać w kierunku opracowania modeli wielokryterialnych oraz stosowania metod programowania celowego.(fragment tekstu)

EN

The article deals with three examples of applying mathematical optimization models in programming water protection investments. The formulation of optimization tasks is based on the basic Western evaluation criteria of economic effectiveness of investments, i.e. costs-benefits analysis and cots-effective analysis. The verification of the described tasks is done in the exemplary basis of the wastewater treatment plants of the River Liwiec which was assigned, according to the forecasts, a second class of purity. The optimization aim in the first task is the minimizing of social costs of water protection including losses caused their contamination and the costs of treatment of wastewaters discharging into the given river basin. Due to difficulties in presenting the above mentioned elements of economic calculus by means of the function of water quality, a graphic method was applied to solve the problem. Thus from the economic point of view the optimal level of water quality of the given river basin was described. The second task discussed the cost optimization model for wastewater treatment in a river basin wastewater treatment system. In this case, the aim of optimization is the minimization of the total annual costs of wastewater treatment in all wastewater treatment plants belonging to the given system, at the same time realizing all constraints stemming from the necessity of maintaining the planned quality level at the individual sections of the river. In order to facilitate the implementation of linear programming in solving this problem, the approximation of non - linear cost function was made. As the solution - the optimal degrees of wastewater treatment for various wastewater treatment plants making up the system were achieved. They are usually smaller than those of the traditional method of design. In some cases this allows for the implementation of cheaper wastewater treatment technologies. The third example discusses problem of defining the optimal sequence of construction of wastewater treatment plants belonging to the given river basin system. In the discussed model it was assumed that decision variables are described by the years in which the realization of individual wastewater treatment plants begins. The optimization criterion was formulated in relation to the minimizing method of the overall costs of the investment discounted to the current value. It consists in minimizing the discounted investment outlays and the operation costs in the consecutive years of project realization. The solution method for this model was elaborated in the Department of Applied Mathematical Methods in the Environmental Engineering Institute of the Warsaw Technical University. The solution was achieved in two stages: in the first stage using the random search algorithm the suboptimal timetable of investments is set; in the second stage, the suboptimal solution is made better using the Balas' algorithm, according to the standard zero-one problem model. The application of the optimization methods allows for the improvement of investment effectiveness in the field of water protection. The models presented in the article can be applied by Regional Water Authorities and wastewater river basin companies while elaborating water protection investment programmes for individual river basins. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Ochrona wód; Zasoby wodne; Oczyszczanie ścieków; Inwestycje w ochronę środowiska; Modele optymalizacyjne; Optymalizacja matematyczna; Optymalizacja wielokryterialna

EN

Protection of waters; Water resources; Sewage treatment; Environmental investments; Optimizing models; Mathematical optimization; Multiple criteria optimization

• Czasopismo: Ekonomia i Środowisko
• Rocznik: 1992
• Numer: nr 1 (1)
• Strony: 119--131

Twórcy

autor

Rafał Miłaszewski

• Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej w Warszawie

Bibliografia

• G.A. Taylor: Managerial and Engineering Economy. Economic Decision Making. Third Ed. PWS Publishers ( Engineering ), Boston 1980.
• A. Symonowicz: Ekonomiczne kryteria w optymalizacji gospodarki wodnej [w:] Metody optymalnej gospodarki zasobami wód. KG i IW PAN, Warszawa - Zabrze 1970
• Straty z tytułu zanieczyszczenia zasobów wodnych. Metodyka rachunku i szacowanie strat bezpośrednich. Praca zbiorowa pod red. A. Symonowicza, CPBP 04.10.13 IGS- SGPIS, Warszawa 1988.
• Metoda podnoszenia ekonomicznej efektywności inwestycji w dziedzinie ochrony wód. Praca zbiorowa pod kierunkiem R. Miłaszewskiego, IM i GW Warszawa 1990 (maszynopis)
• W. Gunthner: Optimierungsmodelle zur Planung und Betreibung von Anlagensystemen zur Abwasserbehandlung in Flussgebieten. Wasserwirtschaft - Wassertechnik nr 3,1970.