Teoretyczne wyjaśnienia Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony

• Autorzy: Jacek Czaputowicz

Warianty tytułu

Theoretical Explanations of the European Security and Defence Policy

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Europejska Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony (EPBiO) została zainicjowana przez prezydenta Francji Jacques'a Chiraca i premiera Wielkiej Brytanii Tony'ego Blaira na spotkaniu w St. Malo w grudniu 1998 r. Od tego czasu koncepcja bezpieczeństwa europejskiego zmieniła się wraz ze zmianą rozumienia tego, co konstytuuje zagrożenia oraz jakie środki są właściwe dla rozwiązywania konfliktów. EPBiO ewoluowała pod względem zakresu oddziaływania - od ściśle europejskiej do globalnej - oraz pod względem rodzaju operacji - od koncentracji na militarnych operacjach zarządzania kryzysowego do długookresowych operacji cywilnych - stabilizacyjnych, zwalczania terroryzmu i przeciwdziałania proliferacji broni masowego rażenia. Znaczna część misji prowadzonych była w oddaleniu od granic Europy, w Czadzie, Somalii, Afganistanie i Gruzji. Ważnym krokiem było przyjęcie w 2003 r. Europejskiej Strategii Bezpieczeństwa. Traktat z Lizbony wprowadził klauzulę o wzajemnej pomocy w razie agresji zbrojnej oraz klauzulę solidarności, która zakłada pomoc w wypadku, gdyby jakieś państwo członkowskie stało się przedmiotem ataku terrorystycznego lub katastrofy naturalnej. "Europejska" polityka bezpieczeństwa i obrony została zastąpiona przez "wspólną", chociaż zachowała charakter międzyrządowy. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The article analyzes the explanations of the establishment and functioning of the European Security and Defence Policy from the standpoint of different IR theories. Within realism positions are singled out according to the level of analysis (global or European) and the state's strategy - balancing or bandwagoning. Liberals underline the importance of political processes and infl uence of internal interests groups, whereas governance approach - networks of actors acting at national, subnational and supranational levels. Constructivists explanations refer to strategic culture and socialization concepts, whereas critical theories to power relations and the concept of security fi eld. The article concludes that all theories broaden our perspective on ESDP, however synergy is hardly possible, because theories are based on different ontological and epistemological premises. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe; Wspólna Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony

EN

International security; Common Security and Defence Policy

• Czasopismo: Stosunki Międzynarodowe
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 48
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 9--25

Twórcy

autor

Jacek Czaputowicz

• Uniwersytet Warszawski

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