Integracja Macedonii z Unią Europejską - przebieg, perspektywy i wyzwania

• Autorzy: Jan Muś

Warianty tytułu

Macedonia's Integration with the European Union - Outline, Perspectives and Challenges

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

The current geopolitical location of the Republic of Macedonia does not leave the country any real alternative apart from looking for a strong partner, capable of consolidating and strengthening its democracy and independence. At present only the integration with Euro-Atlantic institutions may usefully and for long discourage the neighbouring states from the attempts to interfere with internal affairs of the republic, which took place in the first half of the 1990s, and to provide the perspective of such economic development as in the states of Central and South Eastern Europe in the second half of the previous decade. Macedonia (using the term "Macedonia," the author means the Republic of Macedonia, also recognised by some states as Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; any references to the geographical area also known as Macedonia will be clearly highlighted in the text) is comparatively close to the EU, much closer than the other states of the region (except for Croatia, which in the middle of 2013 will most probably become 28th EU member, and Montenegro, which like Macedonia recently - since December 2010 - has had a status of a candidate state in the relations with the EU). Democratisation of the country has facilitated regular elections which currently fulfil the OSCE demands. Free market economy has been introduced although the corruption level and non-transparent connections between the worlds of politics and lobbying groups have remained at an unsatisfactorily high level. Citizen and human rights are obeyed and the Albanian part of the society and the other minorities (e.g. Bosniaks, Serbs, Turks, Vlachs, Roma) are gradually being included in the state structures. The best example for it is election/parliamentarian coalitions (both in governments and in opposition) existing for many years and embracing the representatives of all major ethnic groups. Simultaneously, since the announcement of the independence in 1991 the country has been facing problems which endanger not only its stability but also that of the whole region, as well as further integration of the Republic of Macedonia with the EU. These challenges result from Macedonia's specific geopolitical location, ethnic structure of the society and the neighbouring states' claims. The major problems connected with the European integration take or took place independently of this process ( as far as it is possible in current international relations in Europe) - here one ought to mention the disagreement with Greece over the name of the Macedonian state as well as the conflict, which has already been quelled, between ethnic Albanians and the Slavs inhabiting Macedonia (the Macedonians in this text mean Orthodox Macedonian Slavs inhabiting the Republic of Macedonia; the Albanians, on the other hand, in this article are understood as an ethnic group which inhabits the Republic of Macedonia, not the citizens of Albania or Kosovo). (fragment tekstu)

EN

Współczesne geopolityczne położenie Republiki Macedonii nie pozostawia temu krajowi żadnej realnej alternatywy poza poszukiwaniem silnego partnera zdolnego skonsolidować i umocnić jego demokrację i suwerenność. Obecnie tylko integracja z instytucjami euroatlantyckimi może w sposób korzystny i długookresowy zniechęcić państwa sąsiedzkie do prób ingerencji w wewnętrzne sprawy republiki, co miało miejsce w pierwszej połowie lat 90., oraz zapewnić perspektywę rozwoju gospodarczego, który objął państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w drugiej połowie ubiegłego dziesięciolecia. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Integracja gospodarcza państw z UE; Historia integracji europejskiej; Kraje kandydujące

EN

Economic integration with the EU countries; History of European integration; Candidate countries

• Czasopismo: Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
• Rocznik: 2011
• Numer: R. 9, z. 2
• Strony: 57--79

Twórcy

autor

Jan Muś

• Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II w Lublinie

Bibliografia

• M. Maleska, D. Maleski, Macedonia's Road to the European Union, "New Balkan Politics", 2007, issue 10.
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