Obraz Polaków w twórczości Julesa Micheleta

• Autorzy: Marta Maj

Warianty tytułu

The Image of Polish People in Jules Michelet's Writings

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

W Polsce nazwisko Julesa Micheleta mówi niewiele. Za wyjątkiem ubogich notatek encyklopedycznych nie znajdziemy żadnych artykułów ani opracowań mu poświęconych. Największe dzieła tego autora, jak monumentalna Historia Francji, nadal nie doczekały się polskiego przekładu. Michelet znany jest raczej w kontekście przyjaźni z polskim wieszczem - Adamem Mickiewiczem. Dwa lata temu głośno było w naszym kraju o rękopisie zaadresowanym do Micheleta, w którym Mickiewicz wspomina o wykładach i stanie zdrowia. Krótki list został zlicytowany za niebagatelną kwotę 100 tysięcy złotych. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Jules Michelet (1798-1874) is one of the most renowned French historians of the XlXth century. Born in Paris, descendent of a poor family he became the admirer of the Great Revolution, and the supporter of radical republicanism, believer in the Republic and the French people, "le people", whom he devoted his great "History of France". As the admirer of Republic, he was a decided enemy of Napoleon and Jesuits. Jules Michelet is slightly known in Poland, his historical works have been never translated into Polish, although he met the greatest Polish poet, Adam Mickiwicz and became his friend, during Adam Mickiewicz's exile in France. They met in "College de France". It was Mickiewicz who told and taught Michelet history of Poland. In 1851 Michelet wrote a book devoted to Poland, entitled "Kosciuszko, the democratic legend". The book contains the biography of Polish general Tadeusz Kosciuszko, who organized an insurrection of Polish people against the tsarist Russia just before the third and definitive partition of Poland. Kosciuszko, who was the dictator of the uprising, decided to change the legal situation of Polish peasants, and promised them the personal freedom. In Michelet's work Kosciuszko is portrayed as an outstanding man, strong, brave, sensitive to the sufferings of poor, and ready to die for his country. The Polish people also is depicted as a nation of noble and generous people, heroic in their attempts to save the motherland. He described the Polish nation as a "union of souls", the only place where Poland was still alive. On the contrary, the most strongly criticized Napoleon is shown as an emperor who used, the "soldiers of freedom" e.g. the Poles, for propagating slavery. Showing Poles as a people, who saved western states hundreds of times, Michelet blamed the whole Europe for leaving Poland alone against bad. Russians. The image of Poland created by Jules Michelet is very emotional, exaggerated and not always true. But it gives the reader a clear idea of the essence of Michelet's republicanism. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Ocena dorobku naukowego; Przegląd dorobku naukowego; Literatura

EN

Scholarly achievements estimating; Overview of scientific achievements; Literature

• Czasopismo: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio G. Ius
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: 58
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 103--115

Twórcy

autor

Marta Maj

Bibliografia

• Baszkiewicz J., Historia Francji, Wrocław 2008
• Braud P., Burdeau F., Histoire des idées politiques depuis la Revolution, Montchrestien 1992
• Custine A. M., Listy z Rosji, Editions Spotkania 1988
• Dr. Cassidy K., Resurrection: Jules Michelet: A Passionate Failure, History 6000 Historiography I, Shawn Day, 2002, s. 3-4, http://www.uoguelph.ca/~sday/F02/michelet.pdf. Dostęp: 10 maja 2011.
• Febvre L., Michelet 1798-1874, Traits, b.m.w., 1946
• Gallo M., Napoleon, t. II: Słońce Austerlitz, Poznań 2002, dostępny w internecie: http://czytelnia.onet.pl/0,1091357,7,do_czytania.html
• Gierowski J. A., Historia Polski 1505-1764, Warszawa 1984
• Gierowski, J. A. Historia Polski 1764-1864, Warszawa 1984
• Haac O. A., Jules Michelet, Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1982
• Michelet J., Kościuszko, legenda demokratyczna, przeł. X. Godebski, Paryż
• Michelet J., La Pologne Martyre (Russie - Danube) 1863, książka dostępna w Internecie pod adresem: http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Pologne_martyre