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2014 | nr 3 | 115--141
Tytuł artykułu

Towards More Experimentalism in EU Governance of GMO Risks? Experience, Reforms and Remaining Problems

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The controversies surrounding the use and cultivation of genetically modifi ed organisms (GMOs) in the European Union concern the uncertainty of their safety, possible risks to human health and the environment, and the potential lack of benefi ts to societies. Thus, it is already a truism that GMO risk regulation in the EU poses great challenges to legislators and policy-makers. Some of the problems arise from substantive disputes over the employment of potentially dangerous novel technologies of genetic engineering to the production of plants, foods, or medicines more generally, while others are of a procedural nature and concern the specifi - city of the EU and its constitutional structure. The regime has repeatedly instigated regulatory dilemmas for the EU and national authorities, in particular with regard to the introduction of new products on the market for cultivation purposes. It has remained one of the much-contested policy sectors since the launch of European regulation of biotechnology in the early 1990s.(fragment of text)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
115--141
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Centrum Europejskie Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Bibliografia
  • M. Lee, EU Regulation of GMOs: Law and Decision-Making for a New Technology, Cheltenham 2008.
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  • S. Poli, The Member States' Long and Winding Road to Partial Regulatory Autonomy in Cultivating Genetically Modified Crops in the EU, "European Journal of Risk Regulation" 2013, Vol. 2, pp. 143-157.
  • P. Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, EU Governance of GMOs: political struggles and experimentalist solutions?, in: EU Governance: Towards a New Architecture?, eds. C. Sabel, J. Zeitlin, Oxford 2010, p. 182.
  • S.S. Andersen, K.A. Eliassen, The European Union: How Democratic Is It?, London; Thousand Oaks, CA 1996, p. 9.
  • S. Poli, Continuity and change in the EU regulatory framework on GMOs after the WTO dispute on "biotech products", "Legal Issues of Economic Integration" 2010, Vol. 37(2), pp. 133-148.
  • M. Weimer, Democraticlegitimacy through European Confl icts-Law The Case of EU Administrative Governance of GMOs, European University Institute doctoral thesis, Florence 2012.
  • M. Kritikos, Traditional risk analysis and releases of GMOs into the European Union: Space for nonscientific factors?, "European Law Review" 2009, Vol. 34(3), pp. 405-432.
  • N. Krisch, Beyond constitutionalism: the pluralist structure of post-national law, Oxford 2010, pp. 189-220.
  • D. Vogel, The Politics of Precaution Regulating Health, Safety, and Environmental Risks in Europe and the United States, Princeton, NJ 2012.
  • C. Sabel, J. Zeitlin, Learning from Difference: The New Architecture of Experimentalist Governance in the EU, "European Law Journal" 2008, Vol. 14(3), pp. 271-327.
  • C. Sabel, J. Zeitlin, Experimentalist Governance, in: The Oxford Handbook of Governance, ed. D. Levi-Faur, Oxford 2012, pp. 169-183.
  • P. Dąbrowska-Kłosinska, EU and Transnational Regulation of GMO Risks, "GREEN Working Paper Series", Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, June 2013, No. 36, pp. 1-34.
  • P. Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, The regulation of GMOs in the EU: conflicts, problems and reforms, in: Networks. In search of a model for European and global regulation, ed. L. Ammannati, Torino 2012, pp. 99-126.
  • M. Lee, Multi-level Governance of Genetically Modifies Organisms in the European Union: Ambiguity and Hierarchy, in: The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms Comparative Approaches, eds. L. Bodiguel-M. Cardwell, Oxford 2011.
  • M.A. Pollack, G.C. Shaffer, When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modifi ed Foods, Oxford 2009.
  • T. Christoforou, The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in the European Union: The Interplay of Science, Law and Politics, "Common Market Law Review" 2004, Vol. 41, pp. 640-665.
  • D. Chalmers, Risk, Anxiety and the European Mediation of the Politics of Life, "European Law Review" 2005, Vol. 30(5), p. 666.
  • M.P. Ferreti, Participatory Strategies in the Regulation of GMO Products in the EU, in: Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance: A Cure for the Democratic Deficit?, eds. J. Steffek, C. Kissling, P. Nanz, Basingstoke; New York 2008, pp. 166-184.
  • P. Dabrowska, Civil Society Involvement in the EU Regulations on GMOs: From the Design of a Participatory Garden to Growing Trees of European Public Debate?, "Journal of Civil Society" 2007, Vol. 3(3), pp. 287-304.
  • M.B.A. van Asselt, E. Vos, Wrestling with uncertain risks: EU regulation of GMOs and the uncertainty paradox, "Journal of Risk Research" 2008, Vol. 11(1-2), pp. 281-300.
  • K. Kanska, Wolves in the clothing of sheep? The case of the European Food Safety Authority, "European Law Review" 2004, Vol. 29(5), pp. 711-27.
  • M. Navah, The Politics of Risk Decision-Making: The Voting Behaviour of the EU Member States on GMOs, in: Balancing between Trade and Risk Integrating Legal and Social Science Perspectives, eds. M.B.A., van Asselt, E. Versluis, E. Vos, Abingdon, Oxon; New York 2013.
  • J. Scott, European Regulation of GMOs: thinking about "judicial review" in the WTO in: Uncertain Risks Regulated, eds. E. Vos, M. Everson, London 2009, pp. 295-321.
  • Cf. M.A. Pollack, G.C. Shaffer, The EU Regulatory System on GMOs in: Uncertain Risks Regulated: National, EU and International Regulatory Models Compared, eds. E. Vos, M. Everson, London 2009, pp. 285-286.
  • S. Poli, The EC's implementation of the WTO ruling in the biotech dispute, "European Law Review" 2007, No. 32, pp. 725-726.
  • T. Boerzel, Experimentalist governance in the EU: The emperor's new clothes?, "Regulation and Governance" 2012, Vol. 6(3), pp. 378-384.
  • S. Poli, The Commission's New Approach to the Cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms, "European Journal of Risk Regulation" 2010, Vol. 1(4), pp. 339-344.
  • Cf. M. Weimer, What Price Flexibility? - The Recent Commission Proposal to Allow for National "Opt-Outs" on GMO Cultivation under the Deliberate Release Directive and the Comitology Reform Post-Lisbon, "European Journal of Risk Regulation" 2010, Vol. 1(4), pp. 345-352.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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