Konflikt nigdy nie jest prosty: amerykańska teoria i doktryna wojen oraz przeciwników hybrydowych

• Autorzy: Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski

Warianty tytułu

American Theory of Hybrid Conflict

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Rozwijana od lat 90. w USA teoria wojny hybrydowej poważnie zmieniła kierunki debaty o przyszłości konfliktów zbrojnych, zyskując uznanie na tle innych propozycji. W amerykańskim podejściu wojny hybrydowej jako takiej nie uważa się za nowe zjawisko. Przykładem takiego konfliktu w historii Sił Zbrojnych USA była długoletnia interwencja na Półwyspie Indochińskim, gdzie walczono równocześnie z jednostkami Ludowej Armii Wietnamu oraz z partyzantką Wietkongu. Również ostatnie misje w Afganistanie i Iraku wymagały od USA synchronizacji różnych operacji, często w odmiennych proporcjach i sekwencji. Mimo wciąż potrzebnych badań i braku precyzji w określeniu istoty wojny hybrydowej, teoria ta okazała się intelektualnie i praktycznie inspirująca. Pojęcia wojny i przeciwników hybrydowych znalazły ostatecznie swoje miejsce w planowaniu, doktrynach i wyszkoleniu Sił Zbrojnych USA. Celem tego tekstu jest prześledzenie dotychczasowej ewolucji myślenia o wojnie hybrydowej w środowiskach eksperckich i wojskowych USA, jak również pokazanie kontekstu instytucjonalnego oraz praktycznych implikacji tej wciąż relatywnie nowej koncepcji odnoszącej się do historycznie starych wzorców walki. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The theory of hybrid warfare has changed profoundly the American debate about future conflicts, priorities of forces planning, military doctrines, organisation and training within the U.S. Armed Forces. It had originally been proposed in the context of a debate on the nature of future military conflicts and warfare, but the concept was initially misunderstood. Following a lengthy evolution, the current theory of hybrid conflict is much more mature and advanced, even if areas for further research still remain. It took the Pentagon a full decade to recognise this theory and accept the new terminology in strategic documents. At last, the National Military Strategy of the U.S. (July 2015) uses the term hybrid conflicts, reiterating the need to adapt to those and learn to cope with such warfare. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Konflikty zbrojne; Analiza konfliktów; Teoria konfliktów; Wojsko; Wojna hybrydowa

EN

Armed conflicts; Conflict analysis; Conflict theory; Army; Hybrid war

• Czasopismo: Sprawy Międzynarodowe
• Rocznik: 2015
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 7--38

Twórcy

autor

Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski

• Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych

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