Pierwsze telewizyjne debaty wyborcze w Wielkiej Brytanii

• Autorzy: Krzysztof Zuba

Warianty tytułu

First televised election debates in Great Britain

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Artykuł omawia okoliczności przeprowadzenia w kwietniu 2010 r pierwszych w historii brytyjskiej telewizji przedwyborczych debat między liderami trzech głównych partii politycznych: Partii Pracy, Partii Konserwatywnej, Liberalnych Demokratów. Choć pomysł takich debat był dyskutowany od 1964 r., to kontrowersje wokół nich powodowały, że zdecydowano się na nie tak późno - równo pół wieku od słynnej amerykańskiej debaty Nixon-Kennedy. W artykule dokonano analizy argumentów za i przeciw debatom. Szczególne miejsce poświęcono ich konsekwencjom dla brytyjskiej sceny politycznej. Choć ich ostateczny wpływ na wynik wyborów był ograniczony, to jednakże stały się one swoistym ukoronowaniem odchodzenia Wielkiej Brytanii od systemu dwupartyjnego oraz "prezydencjonalizacji" jej ustroju politycznego. Inną istotną konsekwencją było pogłębienie mediatyzacji brytyjskiej polityki, w ramach której coraz istotniejszą rolę pełnią elementy wizerunkowe liderów partyjnych. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article discusses circumstances surrounding the first British televised election debates of April 2010, which participants were the leaders of the three main political parties - the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrats. Though the idea of such debates had been discussed since 1964, the controversies over them caused that they were not held until recently - exactly half a century after the famous Nixon-Kennedy debate in the United States. The article provides an analysis of arguments for and against debates (as such). There is particular focus on the consequences of debates on the British political scene. While their ultimate impact on the election results has been limited, the debates have nevertheless become a sign of Britain turning away from a two-party political system, as well as of a "presidentialization" of its political regime. Another essential post-debate effect has been the "mediatization" of British politics, in which aspects of a political leader's (media) image play an increasingly important role. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Telewizja; Wybory prezydenckie; Kampania wyborcza; Polityka

EN

Television; Presidential election; Election campaign; Politics

• Czasopismo: Studia Medioznawcze
• Rocznik: 2011
• Numer: nr 3 (46)
• Strony: 59--71

Twórcy

autor

Krzysztof Zuba

• Uniwersytet Opolski

Bibliografia

• Heffernan R., Webb P., The British Prime Minister: Much More Than 'First Among Equals', [w:] The Presidentialization of Politics. A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, ed. T. Poguntke, P. Webb, Oxford 2005.
• Cockerell M., Going live: party leaders prepare to make TV history, "The Independent" 12.04.2010.
• Hook M., Hitchins A., Televising leaders or prime ministerial debates, House of Commons Standard Note, London 2010, SN/PC/05241.
• Tweedie N., Honest debate or stage-managed charade?, "The Daily Telegraph" 13.04.2010.
• Kirkup J., Mandelson's key role for TV debates, "The Daily Telegraph" 12.04.2010.
• Macintyre D., Clegg's Journey to the Promised Land, "The Independent" 3.05.2010.
• McNair B., News and Journalism in the UK, London 2009.
• Bull P., Equivocation and the Rhetoric of Modernization. An Analysis of Televised Interviews with Tony Blair in the 1997 British General Election, "Journal of Language and Social Psychology" Vol. 19 (2000), nr 2.
• Marsh D., Hall M., The British Political Tradition: Explaining the Fate of New Labour's Constitutional Reform Agenda, "British Politics" 2007, nr 2.
• Curran J., Seaton J., Power without Responsibility. The press and broadcasting in Britain, 4th ed., London 1993.
• Hodess R., Tedesco J.C., Lee Kaid L., British Party Election Broadcast. A Comparison of 1992 and 1997, "The International Journal Press/Politics" Vol. 5 (2000), nr 4.
• Johnson N., Opposition in the British Political System, "Government and Opposition" Vol. 32 (1997), nr 4.
• Durkin M., Gay O., The Other Opposition Parties At Westminster, House of Commons Standard Note, London 2010, SN/PC/4120.
• Curtice J., One telling blow in the TV studio and Cameron is home and dry, "The Daily Telegraph" 11.04.2010.
• Morris N., Savage M., Clegg basks in the sun, "The Independent" 17.04.2010.
• Winnett R., Porter A., Cameron on the Money, "The Daily Telegraph" 30.04.2010.
• Kirkut J., Prince R., EU treaty cheated you all, Cameron tells the voters, "The Daily Telegraph" 23.04.2010.
• Denver D., The SDP-Liberal Alliance: The End of the Two-Party System?, [w:] Change in British Politics, ed. H. Berrington, F. Cass, London 1984.
• Dunleavy P., Margetts H., From Majoritarian to Pluralist Democracy? Electoral Reform in Britain since 1997, "Journal of Theoretical Politics" Vol. 13 (2001), nr 3.
• Mair P., In the Aggregate: Mass Electoral Behavior in Western Europe, 1950-2000, [w:] Comparative Democratic Politics. A Guide to Contemporary Theory and Research, ed. H. Keman, London 2002.
• Glover J., Lib Dems set for most MPs Since 1923 - poll, "The Guardian" 29.04.2010.
• Morris N., Kenber B., Clegg scents Labour blood in battle for second, "The Independent" 1.05.2010.
• Hennessy P., Poll blow for Clegg as voters think twice, "The Daily Telegraph" 2.05.2010.
• Curtice J., Handful of votes will decide results, "The Daily Telegraph" 2.05.2010.
• Street J., The Celebrity Politician: Political Style and Popular Culture, [w:] Media and the Restyling of Politics. Consumerism, Celebrity and Cynicism, ed. J. Corner, D. Pels, London 2003.
• Patterson Ch., Not everyone can play happy family like Dave, Gordon and Nick, "The Independent" 1.05.2010.
• Gold T., What good is a party without inviting the girls?, "The Daily Telegraph" 11.04.2010.
• Brogan B., Are we ready for first-lady politics?, "The Daily Telegraph" 10.04.2010.
• Fox I., Clegg's Sunday best, "The Guardian. International Edition" 3.05.2010.
• Radford C., Looking like Mr Darcy will always get the ladies' vote, "The Daily Telegraph" 4.05.2010.
• Bale T., European Politics: A Comparative Introduction, Houndmills 2008.
• Crick B., The Decline of Political Thinking in British Public Life, "Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy" Vol. 1 (1998), nr 1.
• Cameron D., My vision, your choice, "The Daily Telegraph" 3.04.2010.
• Castells M., Communication Power, Oxford 2009.
• Kolczyński M., Mazur M., Wojna na wrażenia. Strategie polityczne i telewizja w kampaniach wyborczych 2005 r. w Polsce, Warszawa 2007.
• Porter A., Prince R., Day of disaster, "The Daily Telegraph" 29.04.2010.
• Morris N., It was day like any other campaign day. Then Mrs Duffy took the stage, "The Independent" 29.04.2010.
• Porter A., Riddell M., I've paid a very high price, "The Daily Telegraph" 1.05.2010.
• Montero J.R., Gunther R., Introduction: Reviewing and Reassessing Parties, [w:] Democracy, Intermediation and Voting on Four Continents, ed. R. Gunther, J.R. Montero, H.-J. Puhle, Oxford 2007.
• Chakrabarti R., TV election debates around the world, www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8586835.stm [dostęp: 2.01.02.2011].
• Holmes D., Communication Theory. Media, Technology, Society, London 2005.
• Anstead N., Chadwick A., Parties, election campaigning, and the internet. Toward a comparative institutional approach, [w:] Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics, ed. A. Chadwick, P.N. Howard, London 2009.
• Gardner J., Oswald A., Internet use: the digital divide, [w:] British Social Attitudes. The 18th Report, ed. A. Park and oth., London 2001.