Modele decyzyjne w koordynacji strumieni podaży produktów w łańcuchu dostaw

• Autorzy: Paweł Hanczar

Warianty tytułu

Operation Planning in the Supply Chain Application of Discrete Optimization Methods

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem zasadniczym pracy jest stworzenie zbioru modeli decyzyjnych (poprzez wybór i modyfikację istniejących, a także opracowanie nowych) do koordynacji strumieni podaży produktów w łańcu- 4 D. Bowersox, N. Lahowchic, Start pulling your chain: leading responsive supply chain transformation, OGI Enterprises, Parland 2008. 12 Wstęp chach dostaw. Zaproponowany zbiór powinien stanowić spójny system i zapewnić wspomaganie procesu decyzyjnego na każdym etapie przepływu. Konieczne jest ponadto wskazanie przestrzeni zastosowań tych sformułowań, gdyż użycie modeli jest często pomijane w procesie decyzyjnym w omawianym obszarze. Przyczyną nie jest jednak brak świadomości decydenta, lecz trudność modelowania tak złożonych sytuacji decyzyjnych, do jakich niewątpliwie należy funkcjonowanie łańcucha dostaw. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The main subject of the presented dissertation is the possibility of using optimization to plan the supply chain functioning. The aim is to identify the usage areas, determine the possibilities and the feasibility of using the approaches and models which allow for achieving the best results. New forms of cooperation in the supply chain significantly contribute to the development of new methods of planning the activities and influence the results achieved by businesses. The issue requires the analysis of more parameters, the inclusion of the flows between a large number of chain links with different functions, and the appropriate adjustment of the planning horizon. On the one hand, an accurate identification of the relations between the supply chain partners and the delegation of the decision-making powers hinders the planning process, as it increases the number of variables, parameters and restrictions. On the other hand, a detailed determination of the cooperation conditions allows for including them directly in the formal approaches, which facilitates the construction of the optimization models. The first chapter examines the concept of the supply chain and the concept of the supply chain management. In the case of the earlier, various interpretations of its broad meaning are identified, while in the case of the latter, several basic groups of approaches are shown and compared. However, the aim of this part is not to harmonize the heterogeneous research area, namely the supply chain management, but to determine its scope and identify the usage areas of decision models serving as tools which support the decisions on the functioning of the supply chain. The second part of the first chapter contains the main groups of tools using models for the analysis of the functioning of the supply chain. Classic dependencies are identified which can be used to create the supply chain strategy. Descriptive and reference models are also discussed. The last part presents the basic elements of quantitative models in the context of their use in the supply chain. The first chapter introduces terminology and its main aim is to indicate the research area, which is the subject of the dissertation. It proves that the concept of supply chain and the supply chain management, discussed therein, can be considered one of the most imprecise concepts of our times. In order to structure the discussion, a coherent framework of the terminology used in the area of the advanced cooperation of the companies is introduced. The chapter introduces and defines the concepts of the supply chain and supply chain-oriented management, and discusses, in detail, the concept of the supply chain and the supply chain management. The second chapter discusses activity planning in the supply chain, indicates the main trends and the most common solutions. It also defines the main research area, activity planning in the supply chain. Amoving horizon is assumed, an approach that may seem obsolete from a researcher's perspective. However, its ubiquitousness in business practice requires that the activity planning research, in order to be useful, must employ this methodology. The chapter defines two components of the problem of optimization of the forecast-driven chain functioning: optimization of the flows and the optimization of production. The components are discussed in detail in the three subsequent parts of the chapter. At the end of the chapter basic groups of the decision-making tools (used in the entire area of the supply chain) are discussed. As for the part of the research which was devoted to the planning of the flows (the results are presented in chapter three), the basic task was to invent a simplified method of solving the vehicle routing tasks and inventory routing tasks. Although there are formulations and algorithms which perform this task, they are so complicated that their use in the complex formulations (such as production planning) is extremely difficult. During the development of the approximation algorithm, linear programming was used; efforts were made to achieve the solutions that approximated exact solutions, when the number of vehicles used in one route was low. Linear programming allowed for the use of standard optimization to yield a solution. The second task was based on the real systems, where the flow planning is more difficult when both direct deliveries and the deliveries executed in the routes with several recipients seem justifiable. Chapter four discusses issues related to the production planning and optimization. There are many optimization models; both test tasks and their solutions are also available. Problems discussed in most works within this area are related mostly to the scheduling of production processes or to the necessity of exchanging of the production assets between the operations of manufacturing different products. In accordance with the assumption made in chapter two in the context of the integrated planning of the supply chain operations, the lowest considered level is the level of the aggregate operations planning. Inclusion of the exchange operations may be executed in the model in various ways, and sometimes they are not included at all. Therefore, various types of the component were considered in the conducted research. Many authors assume that the optimization solutions may be used, but such solutions are not considered in a systematic way. The most probable explanation is the deeply rooted conviction that the planning process must be executed in a hierarchical way. In many works related to the supply chain optimization, benefits that can be achieved by the decision maker who uses the advanced tools, such as optimization, are proportionate to the size of the decision situation area to be included in the model. The last chapter is devoted to the decision making in the area of the flow planning and the production planning. In the context of the supply chain, two basic situations have been identified, which require integrated flow planning and production planning. In the first situation, production is conducted in many plants, and the planned flows are exchanged among big network nodes (manufacturers, distributors). It is necessary to include the available manufacturing, inventory and transport capabilities, and the costs of using them, as well as to plan a fast and economical moving of the products or components among the plants or other big network nodes. In the second situation, decisions are related to the manufacturing and distribution of the finished products from the production plant to the retailer or end consumer. Such problems are often encountered in the fast moving consumer goods industry, where the expiry dates and other additional delivery conditions require appropriate coordination of the production process and the delivery dates. Contrary to the first type, where the number of source nodes and target nodes is comparable, in the other situation the number of the target nodes is much bigger. It has been proved that treating the supply chain as one system leads to better results than the analysis of only selected segments. The results achieved by using global models facilitate planning of the chain functioning and are an important element of the supply chain planning. The main problem is computational complexity, which - depending on the model - may significantly restrict its implementation. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Łańcuch dostaw; Zarządzanie łańcuchem dostaw; Proces decyzyjny; Podejmowanie decyzji

EN

Supply chain; Supply Chain Management (SCM); Decision proces; Decision making

• Czasopismo: Monografie i Opracowania Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
• Rocznik: 2012
• Numer: nr 224
• Strony: 264

Twórcy

autor

Paweł Hanczar

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

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