Modern Methods for the Monitoring of Microbial Risk in Archives and Museum

• Autorzy: Justyna Syguła-Cholewińska , Tomasz Sawoszczuk

Warianty tytułu

Nowoczesne metody monitoringu zagrożenia mikrobiologicznego w archiwach i muzeach

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The environment of rooms where archival and historical objects are stored has to be monitored permanently for microbiological risk assessment reasons. Microclimate parameters in store rooms as well as in exhibition rooms have to be maintained at required levels. They expected values depend on type of material that is stored in examined place. The most important parameter of microclimate seems to be relative humidity (RH). When it values is to low it can cause irreversible changes in some materials: desiccation leading to breaks and other physical changes in structure. At high RH many species of microorganisms can develop on historical objects and cause their deterioration. The risk of potential microorganisms' growth on historical object is mostly assessed with classical microbial methods, i.e. incubation on broths, or indirectly by observations of visible changes on the surface of objects. These alterations are a consequence of biodeterioration. Nowadays other methods are examined as a tool for fast, noninvasive and precise detection of microorganisms. These are mostly culture-independent techniques. One of them, which becomes increasingly popular, is isolation of DNA from microorganisms present in indoor air or on the surface of historical objects. Afterward DNA is analyzed with PCR-DGGE technique and as a result a taxonomical biodiversity of microorganisms, which were detected in museum environment, is defined. Other method of microorganisms' detection is based on investigation of secondary metabolites that are characteristic for defined group of microorganisms, and production of these compounds is an indication of deteriorative activity of microorganisms. Some of these metabolites are volatile and they can be analyzed with GC-MS method. They are called Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs). This article contains a detail description of application of GC-MS method for analysis of MVOCs emitted by selected moulds growing on model historical materials. (original abstract)

Środowisko przechowywania materiałów archiwalnych i obiektów muzealnych powinno być stale monitorowane w kontekście zagrożenia mikrobiologicznego. W pomieszczeniach magazynowych i salach wystawienniczych wymagane jest utrzymywanie stabilnych warunków klimatycznych w różnym zakresie w zależności od rodzaju przechowywanych materiałów. Zbyt niska wilgotność może powodować nieodwracalne zmiany: naprężenia prowadzące do pęknięcia materiałów i inne fizyczne zmiany; zbyt wysoka stwarza dogodne warunki do rozwoju mikroorganizmów. Zdolność do rozwoju mikroorganizmów w danych warunkach jest szacowana na podstawie badań mikrobiologicznych prowadzonych metodami hodowlanymi i pośrednio na obserwacji zmian na obiektach świadczących o biodeterioracji. Obecnie poszukuje się szybszych, nieinwazyjnych metod detekcji obecności mikroorganizmów opartych na technikach niehodowlanych. Jedną z nich, zyskujących powszechne znaczenie, jest izolacja DNA mikroorganizmów z powietrza wewnętrznego i obiektów zabytkowych i poddanie go analizie PCR-DGGE (reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy - elektroforeza w gradiencie czynnika denaturującego), która umożliwia określenie bioróżnorodności taksonomicznej w danym środowisku muzealnym. Inna grupa metod opiera się na wykrywaniu charakterystycznych dla danej grupy mikroorganizmów wtórnych metabolitów, które mogą wskazywać na ich niszczącą aktywność. W tym artykule szczegółowo opisano zastosowanie metody GC-MS (chromatografii gazowej - spektrometrii mas) i analizy profilu lotnych związków organicznych (MVOC's) emitowanych przez grzyby pleśniowe w trakcie ich rozwoju na materiałach zabytkowych. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Microbiology; Protection of cultural goods; Monitoring

PL

Mikrobiologia; Ochrona dóbr kultury; Monitoring

• Czasopismo: Towaroznawcze Problemy Jakości
• Rocznik: 2016
• Numer: nr 3
• Strony: 126--137

Twórcy

autor

Justyna Syguła-Cholewińska

• Cracow University of Economics, Poland

autor

Tomasz Sawoszczuk

• Cracow University of Economics, Poland

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