dentifying and ascribing the relative significance of introduction pathways for non-native plants into Iceland

• Autorzy: Pawel Wasowicz
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The study is aimed at identifying pathways frequently used by non-native plant species, assessing their relative significance and development in time. Pathways were defined following NOBANIS framework (Madsen et al., 2014). Species assessments were based on HARMONIA scheme (Branquart, 2007). Four categories of environmental hazards were assessed plus two additional categories summarizing impacts on health and economy. Temporal development of pathways was assessed using cumulative per annum taxa records. To quantify the activity of investigated pathways over time an index (δ10) showing the number of new species introduced during the period of 10 years was calculated. The study shows that horticulture, landscaping and agriculture can be pointed out as pathways of concern in Iceland. A set of species of concern is also proposed. Two plant taxa are included in A list (high risk species): Anthriscus sylvestis and Lupinus nootkatensis. Three taxa are placed in B list (watch list): Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum persicum and Pinus contorta. Results of the present study are compared with similar studies carried out in Denmark, Scandinavia and Baltic countries. Different measures to prevent introductions of new and potentially dangerous non-native species are also discussed including selection of good practices that may significantly reduce the threat from non-native species used in agriculture and horticulture.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Environmental protection; Gardening

PL

Ochrona środowiska; Ogrodnictwo

• Czasopismo: Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 2
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 28--37

Twórcy

autor

Pawel Wasowicz

• Borgir vid Nordurslod, Akureyri, Iceland

Bibliografia

• Baagøe J., Weidema I. 2001. Biologisk invasion I Danmark - en oversigt. Invasisve arter og GMO'er - nye trusler mod naturen. Temarapport nr. 1, Naturrådet, Copenhagen.
• Branquart E. 2007. ISEIA guidelines, Harmonia information system: Guidelines for environmental impact assessment and list classification of non-native organisms in Belgium. Version 2.6 (07/12/2009). http://ias.biodiversity.be/documents/ISEIA_protocol.pdf accessed: 18.02.2015
• Carlquist S. 1965. Island life. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.
• Cleveland W.S. 1979. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. J. Amer. Statist. Assn., 74: 829-836.
• Cleveland W.S., Delvin S.J. 1988. Locally weighted regression: an approach to regression analysis by local fitting. J. Amer. Statist. Assn., 83: 596-610.
• D'Antonio C.M., Dudley T.L. 1995. Biological invasions as agents of change on islands compared with mainlands. [in:] Vitousek P.M., Loope L., Adserson H. (eds.) Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 103-121.
• Davíðsson I. 1967. The immigration and naturalization of flowering plants in Iceland since 1900. Greinar, 4: 1-35.
• Dehnen-Schmutz K., Perrings C., Williamson M. 2004. Controlling Rhododendron ponticum in the British Isles: an economic analysis. J. Environ. Manage., 70: 323-332. [Crossref]
• Denslow J.S. 2003. Weeds in paradise: thoughts on the invisibility of tropical islands. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 90: 119-127.
• Elton C.S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen, London.
• Elven R., Ødegaard F., Oug E., Sandvik H. 2012. Alien species: introduction, establishment and spread [in:] Gederaas L., Moen T.L., Skjelseth S., Larsen L.K. (eds.) Alien species in Norway - with the Norwegian Black List 2012. The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Norway, 17-56.
• Essl F., Nehring S., Klingenstein F., Milasowszky N., Nowack C., Rabitsch W. 2011. Review of risk assessment systems of IAS in Europe and introducing the German Austrian Black List Information System (GABLIS). J. Nature Cons., 19: 339-350.
• Gaston K.J., Jones A.G., Hanel C., Chown S.L. 2003. Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci., 270: 1091-1098.
• Gederaas L., Moen T.L., Skjelseth S., Larsen L.K. 2012. Alien species in Norway - with the Norwegian Black List. The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Norway.
• Gudjonsdottir S. 2014. Iceland in figures 2014. Statistics Iceland, Reykjavik.
• Heywood V., Brunel S. 2011. Code of conduct on horticulture and invasive alien plants. Council of Europe Publ., Strasbourg.
• Hulme P.E. 2007. Biological Invasions in Europe: Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses. [in:] Hester R., Harrison R.M. (eds.) Biodiversity Under Threat. Iss, Environ. Sci. and Techn., Royal Soc. of Chem., Cambridge: 55-79.
• Hulme P.E. 2009. Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. J. App. Ecol., 46: 10-18.
• Hulme P.E., Bacher S., Kenis M., Klotz S., Kühn I., Minchin D., Nentwig W., Olenin S., Panov V., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Roques A., Sol D., Solarz W., Vilà M. 2008. Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: a framework for integrating pathways into policy. J. Appl. Ecol., 45: 403-414. [Crossref] [Web of Science]
• ISCC (Invasive Species Council of California) 2013. Invasive Species Pathway Risk Analysis for California. http://www.iscc.ca.gov/docs/reports/CISAC-Pathway-Report-July-2013-web.pdf. accessed 18-02-2015.
• Kelly J., O'Flynn C., Maguire C. 2013. Risk analysis and prioritisation for invasive and non-native species in Ireland and Northern Ireland. A report prepared for the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and National Parks and Wildlife Service as part of Invasive Species Ireland.
• Kumschick S., Bacher S., Dawson W., Heikkilä J., Sendek A., Pluess T., Robinson T.B., Kühn I. 2012. A conceptual framework for prioritization of invasive alien species for management according to their impact. NeoBiota, 15: 69-100.
• Kumschick S., Bacher S., Evans T., Markova Z., Pergl J, Pysek P., Vaes-Petignat S., van der Veer G., Vila M., Nentwig W. 2015. Comparing impacts of alien plants and animals in Europe using a standard scoring system. J. Appl. Ecol., (in press) DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12427. [Web of Science] [Crossref]
• Kumschick S., Richardson D.M. 2013. Species-based risk assessments for biological invasions: Advances and challenges. Divers. Distrib., 19: 1095-1105. [Web of Science] [Crossref]
• Lassuy D.R., Lewis P.N. 2013. Invasive species: human-induced. [in:] Meltofte H. (ed.) Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, 558-565.
• Lockwood J.L., Hoopes M.F., Marchetti M.P. 2007. Invasion Ecology. Blackwell Publ..
• Madsen C.L., Dahl C.M., Thirslund K.B., Grousset F., Johannsen V. K., Ravn H.P. 2014. Pathways for non-native species in Denmark. Depart. of Geosci. and Natural Res. Manage., Univ. of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg.
• Meyerson L.A., Mooney H.A. 2007. Invasive alien species in an era of globalization. Front. Ecol. Environ., 5: 199-208. [Crossref]
• Nentwig W. 2007. Pathways in Animal Invasions. Biological Invasions. Ecological Stud., 193: 11-27.
• Nentwig W., Kühnel E., Bacher S. 2010. A generic impact-scoring system applied to alien mammals in Europe. Cons. Biol., 24: 302-311. [Web of Science]
• NOBANIS, 2015. Alien Invasive species - pathway analysis and horizon scanning for countries in the Northern Europe. Nordic Council of Ministers (in press).
• Pysek P., Jarosík V., Pergl J. 2011. Alien Plants Introduced by Different Pathways Differ in Invasion Success: Unintentional Introductions as a Threat to Natural Areas. PLoS ONE, 6(9):e24890. [Web of Science]
• Pysek P., Richardson D.M. 2010. Invasive species, environmental change and management, and health. Ann. Rev. Environ. Res., 35: 25-55. [Crossref]
• Reichard S.H., White P. 2001. Horticulture as a pathway of invasive plant introductions in the United States. BioScience, 51: 1103-1113.
• Ruiz G., Carlton J.T. (eds.) 2003. Invasive Species: Vectors and Management Strategies. Island Press, Washington D.C.
• Sigurdardottir R., Thordarson J., Alfredsdóttir L., Bjarnadóttir R., Gudmundsdottir H. 2008. The Economy of Iceland. The Central Bank of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• Stefansson S. 1901. Flora Islands. Hid Islenzka bokmenntafelag, Copenhagen.
• Wasowicz P., Przedpelska-Wasowicz E., Kristinsson H. 2013. Alien vascular plants in Iceland: diversity, spatial patterns, temporal trends, and the impact of climate change. Flora, 208: 648-673.
• Wilson E.O. 1965. The challenge from related species. [in:] Baker H. G., Stebbins G. L. (eds.) The genetics of colonizing species. Academic Press, New York: 7-24.