Open Service Innovation : the Case of Tourism Firms in Scandinavia

• Autorzy: Tor Helge Aas
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Most empirical research investigating open innovation has focused on the development of new physical products in manufacturing industries, whereas open service innovation has not been researched correspondingly. Services have some characteristics that distinguish them from physical products, which may affect the types of open innovation practice utilised during service innovation processes. Tourism services comprise a subset of services that is particularly distant from tangible products. Therefore, the exploration of how tourism firms utilise different types of open innovation practice offers a valuable opportunity to learn about the nature of open service innovation practices. Thus, this paper addresses the following research question: what types of open innovation practice are utilised during the development of new tourism services? A qualitative case study approach was used to answer the research question. The findings suggest that pecuniary and non-pecuniary inflows of knowledge are utilised during service innovation processes in tourism. However, the stage of the innovation process at which inflows of knowledge are utilised varies systematically with respect to whether the innovation is perceived to be incremental or more radical. The findings also indicate that tourism firms reveal knowledge to other tourism firms in non-pecuniary outbound open innovation processes. However, no example of a pecuniary outbound open innovation practice was identified in this study. Implications for management and further research are discussed in the paper. (original abstract)

Większość badań empirycznych związanych z otwartymi innowacjami koncentruje się na rozwoju nowych produktów fizycznych w branżach produkcyjnych. Natomiast innowacyjność otwartych usług nie została odpowiednio zbadana. Usługi mają pewne cechy, które odróżniają je od produktów fizycznych, które mogą mięć wpływ na rodzaje praktyki otwartej innowacji wykorzystywanych w procesach innowacyjnych usług. Usługi turystyczne obejmują podzbiór usług, który jest istotnie różny od produktów materialnych. Dlatego badanie, jak firmy wykorzystują rożne rodzaje turystyki w praktyce otwartej innowacji oferuje cenną możliwość poznania charakteru praktyk innowacyjnej usługi otwartej. Tak więc, artykuł ten odpowiada na następujące pytanie badawcze: jakie rodzaje praktyki otwartych innowacji wykorzystywane są w trakcie opracowywania nowych usług turystycznych? Jakościowe podejście z wykorzystaniem studium przypadku użyto tutaj, aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie badawcze. Odkrycia sugerują, że materialne i niematerialne napływy wiedzy są wykorzystywane w procesach innowacyjnych usług w turystyce. Jednakże etap procesu innowacji, w którym zostały wykorzystane wpływy wiedzy zmienia się systematycznie w odniesieniu do tego, czy innowacja jest postrzegana jako przyrostowa lub bardziej radykalna. Wyniki wskazują również, że firmy turystyczne ujawniają wiedzę innych firm turystycznych wywodzących się z niematerialnych, otwartych procesów innowacyjnych. Jednak żaden z przykładów praktyki otwartych innowacji o charakterze niematerialnym nie został zidentyfikowany w tym badaniu. Implikacje dla zarządzania i dalszych badań są omówione w artykule. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Innovations; Innovations in services; Tourism management; Services; Open innovation

PL

Innowacje; Innowacje w usługach; Zarządzanie turystyką; Usługi; Otwarte innowacje

• Czasopismo: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI)
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 12
• Numer: nr 2 Innovation in Services or Industry and Entrepreneurial Intention
• Strony: 53--76

Twórcy

autor

Tor Helge Aas

• University of Agder; Agderforskning AS, Norway

Bibliografia

• Aas, T. H., & Pedersen, P. E. (2010). The firm-level effects of service innovation: a literature review. International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(5), 759-794.
• Aas, T.H., & Pedersen, P.E. (2016). The feasibility of open service innovation. In A.L. Mention and M. Torkkeli (Eds.), Open Innovation: A Multifaceted Perspective, Vol. 1 (pp. 287-314). London, England: World Scientific Publishing.
• Aas, T.H., & Pedersen, P.E. (2013). The Usefulness of Componentization for Specialized Public Service Providers. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 23(6), 513-532.
• Adams, R., Bessant, J., & Phelps, R. (2006). Innovation management measurement: a review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 8(1), 21-47.
• Adner, R., & Kapoor, R. (2010). Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(3), 306-333.
• Buhalis, D. (2000). The tourism phenomenon: the new tourist and consumer. In C. Wahab, and C. Cooper (Eds.), Tourism in the age of globalization (pp. 69-96). London, England: Routledge.
• Carbonell, P., Rodríguez-Escudero, A., & Pujari, D. (2012). Performance effects of involving lead users and close customers in new service development. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(7), 497-509.
• Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). The era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44 (3), 35-41.
• Chesbrough, H.W. (2011a). Open Services Innovation: Rethinking Your Business to Grow and Compete in a New Era. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Chesbrough, H.W. (2011b). The Case for Open Services Innovation: The Commodity Trap. California Management Review, 53(3), 5-20.
• Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (2006). Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm. London, England: Oxford University Press.
• Dahlander, L., & Gann, D. M. (2010). How open is innovation? Research policy, 39(6), 699-709.
• de Brentani, U. (2001). Innovative versus incremental new business services: different keys for achieving success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18(3), 169-187.
• de Jong, J.P.J., Bruins, A., Dolfsma, W., & Meijgaard J. (2003). Innovation in service firms explored: what, how and why? Strategic study B200205. Zoetermeer, Holland: EIM Business & Policy Research.
• de Jong, J., & Vermeulen, P. (2003). Organizing successful new service development: a literature review. Management Decision, 41(9), 844-858.
• den Hertog, P. (2000). Knowledge-intensive business services as co-producers of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 491-528.
• den Hertog, P., van der Aa, W., & de Jong, M.W. (2010). Capabilities for managing service innovation: towards a conceptual framework. Journal of Service Management, 21(4), 490-514.
• Drejer, I. (2004). Identifying innovation in surveys of services: a Schumpeterian perspective. Research Policy, 33(3), 551-62.
• Droege, H., Hildebrand, D., & Heras Forcada, M. A. (2009). Innovation in services: present findings, and future pathways. Journal of Service Management, 20(2), 131-155.
• Evangelista, R. (2000). Sectoral patterns of technological change in services. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 9, 182- 221.
• Evangelista, R., & Vezzani, A. (2010). The economic impact of technological and organizational innovations. A firm-level analysis. Research Policy, 39(10), 1253-1263.
• Fosse, J.K., & Normann, R.H. (in press). Management Strategies in Cluster Projects - Examples and Discussions. In D. Fornahl and R. Hassink (Eds.), Cluster Policies from a Cluster Life Cycle Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
• Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 2б(4/5), 537-556.
• Gambardella, A., Giuri, P., & Luzzi, A. (2007). The market for patents in Europe. Research Policy, 36(8), 1163-1183.
• Gerring, J., & McDermott, R. (2007). An experimental template for case-study research. American Journal of Political Science, 51(3), 688-701.
• Gianiodis, P.T., Ettlie, J.E., & Urbina, J.J. (2014). Open service innovation in the global banking industry: Inside-out versus outside-in strategies. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(1), 76-91.
• Gustafsson, A., Kristensson, P., & Witell, L. (2012). Customer co-creation in service innovation: a matter of communication? Journal of Service Management, 23 (3), 311-327.
• Hall, C.M. & Williams, A.M. (2008). Tourism and innovation. London, England: Routledge.
• Helfat, C.E.C. (2006). Book review of open innovation: the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 86.
• Henderson, R.M., & Clark, K.B. (1990). Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 9-30.
• Henkel, J. (2006). Selective revealing in open innovation processes: The case of embedded Linux. Research Policy, 35(7), 953-969.
• Hjalager, A. (2000). Tourism destinations and the concept of industrial districts. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 2(3), 199-213.
• Hjalager, A. (2010). A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism Management, 31(1), 1-12.
• Huizingh, E.K. (2011). Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2-9.
• Hydle, K.M., Aas, T.H., & Breunig, K.J. (2014). Characteristics of intrapreneurs in scale-intensive service firms. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 10(2), 89- 118.
• Johne, A., & Storey, C. (1998). New service development: A review of the literature and annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 32(3/4), 184-251.
• Johnson, P., & Harris, D. (2003). Qualitative and Quantitative Issues in Research Design. In D. Partington (Ed.), Essential Skills for Management Research (pp. 99- 134). London, England: Sage Publications.
• Johnson, S.P., Menor, L.J., Roth, A.V., & Chase, R.B (2000). A critical evaluation of the new service development process. In J.A. Fitzsimmons & M.J. Fitzsimmons (Eds.), New service development: Creating memorable experiences (pp. 1-32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Kuester, S., Schuhmacher, M. C., Gast, B., & Worgul, A. (2013). Sectoral Heterogeneity in New Service Development: An Exploratory Study of Service Types and Success Factors. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(3), 533- 544.
• Lages, C., & Piercy, N. (2012). Key drivers of frontline employee generation of ideas for customer service improvement. Journal of Service Research, 15(2), 215-230.
• Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2004). Searching high and low: what types of firms use universities as a source of innovation? Research policy, 33(8), 12011215.
• Menor, L.J., & Roth, A.V. (2007). New service development competence in retail banking: construct development and measurement validation. Journal of Operations Management, 25(4), 825-846.
• Menor, L.J., Tatikonda, M.V., and Sampson, S.E. (2002). New service development: Areas for exploitation and exploration. Journal of Operations Management, 20(2), 135-57.
• Mention, A.L. (2011). Co-operation and co-opetition as open innovation practices in the service sector: which influence on innovation novelty? Technovation, 31(1), 44-53.
• Meyer, J. (2010). Does social software support service innovation? International Journal of the Economics of Business, 17(3), 289-311.
• Mina, A., Bascavusoglu-Moreau, E., & Hughes, A. (2014). Open service innovation and the firm's search for external knowledge. Research Policy, 43(5), 853-866.
• Nijssen, E. J., Hillebrand, B., Vermeulen, P.A., & Kemp, R.G. (2006). Exploring product and service innovation similarities and differences. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 241-251.
• Nuvolari, A. (2004). Collective invention during the British Industrial Revolution: the case of the Cornish pumping engine. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28(3), 347-363.
• Orfila-Sintes, F., Crespí-Cladera, R., & Martínez-Ros, E. (2005). Innovation activity in the hotel industry: Evidence from Balearic Islands. Tourism Management, 26(6), 851-865.
• Skiba, F. (2009). Users as sources for radical service innovations: opportunities from collaboration with service lead users. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 12(3), 317- 337.
• Spohrer, J. (2008). Services sciences, management, and engineering (SSME) and its relations to academic disciplines. In B. Stauss, A. Kremer & A. Luhn (Eds.), Services Science: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Developments (pp. 11-40). Springer, Frankfurt.
• Spohrer, J. & Maglio, P.P. (2008). The emergence of service science: toward systematic service innovations to accelerate co-creation of value. Production & Operations Management Society, 17(3), 238-246.
• Stamboulis, Y., & Skayannis, P. (2003). Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24(1), 35-43.
• Tsou, T. (2012). Collaboration competency and partner match for e-service product innovation through knowledge integration mechanisms. Journal of Service Management, 23(5), 640-663.
• Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1-17.
• Van Ark, B., Broersma, L., & den Hertog, P. (2003). Service innovation, performance and policy: a review. Synthesis Report in the Framework of the Project Structural Informatievoorziening in Diensten (SIID). The Hague, Holland: Ministry of Economic Affairs.
• West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A review of Research on Open Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814-831.
• West, J., & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software. R & D Management, 36(3), 319-331.
• Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (2011). Internationalization and innovation in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 27-51.
• Yin, R.K. (2003). Case Study Research-Design and Methods (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry L.L. (1985). Problems and strategies in service marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 33-46.
• Zomerdijk, L.G., & Voss, C.A. (2011). NSD processes and practices in experiential services. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(1), 63- 80.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7341/20161223