Znaczenie inwestycji w kapitał ludzki dla zmian nierówności dochodowych w krajach europejskich na początku XXI wieku

• Autorzy: Łukasz Jabłoński

Warianty tytułu

The Importance of Investing in Human Capital for Changing Income Inequality within the Countries of Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Głównym celem pracy stało się zidentyfikowanie znaczenia inwestycji w kapitał ludzki dla zmian nierówności dochodowych w krajach europejskich na początku XXI w. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na te kraje Europy, które funkcjonują w otoczeniu instytucjonalnym kształtowanym przez Unię Europejską. W badaniach ujęto zatem kraje Europy Zachodniej o utrwalonych systemach rynkowo-demokratycznych, a także kraje posocjalistyczne, które są członkami Unii Europejskiej. Praca składa się z pięciu rozdziałów. W rozdziale pierwszym podjęto próbę zdefiniowania nierówności w ujęciu ekonomicznym, a także zaprezentowano różnice w interpretacji tego pojęcia w zależności od metodologicznych podstaw głównego nurtu ekonomii oraz ujęć heterodoksyjnych. Rozdział drugi prezentuje kluczowe czynniki i bariery zmian nierówności w podziale dochodów wewnątrz krajów. W tej płaszczyźnie badawczej zaproponowano typologię uwarunkowań zmian nierówności. Rozdział trzeci w całości poświęcony jest problematyce kapitału ludzkiego. W rozdziale czwartym zawarto teoretyczne i metodyczne kwestie związane z badaniami własnymi, które dotyczą znaczenia inwestycji w kapitał ludzki dla zmian nierówności dochodowych. Rozdział piąty zawiera wyniki przeprowadzonych badań. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano rozwój kapitału ludzkiego i zmianę nierówności dochodów w badanych krajach. Następnie wykorzystano metody taksonomiczne, by wskazać podobieństwa między badanymi krajami w zakresie kapitału ludzkiego i nierówności. Ostatecznie oszacowano znaczenie inwestycji w kapitał ludzki dla zmian nierówności dochodowych w badanych krajach w latach 2005-2012. Wykresy i tabelę prezentujące wyniki przeprowadzonych badań w zakresie rozwoju kapitału ludzkiego i nierówności w badanych krajach zamieszczono w Aneksie. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The book examines the importance of investing in human capital for addressing income inequality within the countries of Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. The first chapter defines inequality in an economic context and examines different approaches to interpreting this category in mainstream and heterodox economics. Following a review of various classifications of the elements of inequality, the author introduces his own classification, which corresponds with the aims of his research. The second chapter looks at the driving forces for changing inequality in income distribution. It includes findings from economic theory on factors and obstacles from the factual, regulatory and financial spheres of the economy. From the factual sphere, particular attention is given to dualism, substituting human capital for physical capital, technological progress and the diffusion of innovation and economic factors. From the regulatory sphere, the importance of models of capitalism, state intervention and economic integration are analysed. The final part of the chapter examines financialization and its impact on changing income distribution inequality. The third chapter discusses human capital, how it should be defined, its components and the economic results of accumulating it. The chapter focuses particularly on dilemmas in measuring human capital and the unambiguousness of empirical research into the impact of this production factor on an economy. The fourth chapter presents the theoretical and methodological issues related to the author's own empirical research. It starts with a presentation of the theoretical foundations of that research, which emphasises the external effects of accumulating human capital, sources of financing its investment, credit market imperfections, and demography. It then moves on to present major streams of empirical research into the driving forces of inequality change, and economists' growing interest in macroeconomic research. The chapter offers a justification for the selection of empirical variables, illustrating the inequality of income distribution, investment in human capital and other macroeconomic factors. It then describes the methods used to investigate the relationship between human capital investment and income inequality. The fifth chapter presents the results of the empirical research, including, first, the development of human capital and changes in income inequality. Second, taxonomy was applied to illustrate the similarities between European countries in terms of the development of human capital and changes in inequality. Finally, the importance of investment in human capital to changes in income inequality was estimated for a sample of countries. The research shows that if it is not possible to decrease income inequality by investing in human capital, investment in production input can mitigate an increase in income inequality, but only if public education and a public healthcare system are introduced and supported by an appropriate system of taxation. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Inwestowanie w kapitał ludzki; Nierówności społeczno-gospodarcze; Kapitał ludzki; Metody badawcze; Rozprawa habilitacyjna

EN

Investments in human capital; Social-economics inequality; Human capital; Research methods; Habilitation thesis

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie. Seria Specjalna, Monografie
• Rocznik: 2016
• Numer: nr 248
• Strony: 299

Twórcy

autor

Łukasz Jabłoński

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie

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