Tariffs and Non-tariff Measures : Substitutes or Complements : a Cross-Country Analysis

• Autorzy: Eyal Ronen
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Alongside the global tariff liberalization, a growing body of evidence demonstrates the rise in the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs), which suggests a substitution effect between these two import policy instruments. Yet, detailed economic data reveals that in countries with lower tariff rates (developed countries), the use of NTMs is significantly lower compared to developing countries, which implies a possible complementary effect between tariffs and NTMs across nations. Using a dataset of Kee, Nicita and Olarreaga (2009) on ad valorem tariff equivalents of NTMs, at a very disaggregated product level, this paper explores the determinants of NTMs and their substitutability/complementarity relations with tariff barriers. While exploiting the country variation, it demonstrates the decreasing trend of substitutability between the two import policy instruments with the rise in economic development. In particular, a significant complementarity correlation exists between the two trade measures among the wealthiest nations, implying a stronger commitment to freer trade. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Non-tariff trade barriers; Comparative analysis; Literature review; Substitution effect

PL

Pozataryfowe bariery handlowe; Analiza porównawcza; Przegląd literatury; Efekt substytucyjny

• Czasopismo: Bank i Kredyt
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 45--71

Twórcy

autor

Eyal Ronen

• University of Warsaw

Bibliografia

• Aisbett E., Pearson L.M. (2012), Environmental and health protections, or new protectionism? Determinants of SPS notifications by WTO members, Crawford School Research Paper, 12-13, Crawford School of Public Policy.
• Bagwell K., Staiger R.W. (2014), Can the Doha Round be a Development Round? Setting a Place at the Table, Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century, University of Chicago Press.
• Beverelli C., Boffa M., Keck A. (2014), Trade Policy Substitution: Theory and Evidence from Specific Trade Concerns, World Trade Organization.
• Bhagwati J. (1988), Protectionism, MIT Press.
• Bown C.P., Tovar P. (2011), Trade liberalization, antidumping, and safeguards: evidence from India's tariff reform, Journal of Development Economics, 96(1), 115-125.
• Broda C., Limao N., Weinstein D.E. (2008), Optimal tariffs and market power: the evidence, American Economic Review, 98(5), 2032-2065.
• Dean J.M., Feinberg R., Signoret J., Ludema R., Ferrantino M. (2009), Estimating the price effects of non-tariff barriers, B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 9(1), 1-41.
• Deardorff A.V., Stern R.M. (1997), Measurement of non-tariff barriers, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 179, OECD Publishing.
• Essaji A. (2010), Trade liberalization, standards and protection, B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 10(1), 1-21.
• Feinberg R.M., Reynolds K.M. (2007), Tariff liberalization and increased administrative protection: Is there a quid pro quo?, The World Economy, 30, 948-961.
• Ferrantino M. (2006), Quantifying the Trade and economic effects of non-tariff measures, OECD Trade Policy Working Papers, 28, OECD Publishing.
• Grossman G., Helpman E. (1994), Protection for sale, American Economic Review, 84, 833-850.
• Helpman E., Melitz M., Rubinstein Y. (2008), Estimating trade flows: trading partners and trading volumes, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 441-487.
• Kee H.L., Nicita A., Olarreaga M. (2009), Estimating trade restrictiveness indices, The Economic Journal, 119(534), 172-199.
• Lee J.W., Swagel P. (1997), Trade barriers and trade flows across countries and industries, Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(3), 372-382.
• Limao N., Tovar P. (2011), Policy choice: theory and evidence from commitment via international trade agreements, Journal of International Economics, 85(2), 186-205.
• Mansfield D., Busch M.L. (1995), The political economy of nontariff barriers: a cross-national analysis, International Organization, 49(4), 723-749.
• Michalopoulos C. (1999), Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries, the World Bank.
• Moore M.O., Zanardi M. (2011), Trade liberalization and antidumping: Is there a substitution effect?, Review of Development Economics, 15(4), 601-619.
• Orefice G. (2015), Non-tariff measures, specific trade concerns and tariff reduction, Working Papers, 2015-30, CEPII Research Center.
• Ray E. (1981), Tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in the United States and abroad, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 63(2), 161-168.
• Trefler D. (1993), Trade liberalization and the theory of endogenous protection: an econometric study of the U.S. import policy, Journal of Political Economy, 101, 138-160.
• UNCTAD (2013), Non-tariff measure to trade: economic and policy issues for developing countries, UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2012/1, United Nations Publications.
• WTO (2012), Trade and public policies: a closer look at non-tariff measures in the 21st century, World Trade Organization.
• WTO (2016), World Trade Statistical Review, World Trade Organization.
• Yu Z. (2000), A model of substitution of non-tariff barriers for tariffs, Canadian Journal of Economics, 33(4), 1069-1090.