Tradycyjne szkoły urbomorfologii a nowe podejścia do analizy miejskich form przestrzennych

• Autorzy: Magdalena Deptuła

Warianty tytułu

Traditional Schools of Urban Morphology and the New Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Forms

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Artykuł jest próbą syntezy i usystematyzowania dotychczasowego dorobku w dziedzinie urbomorfologii. Opiera się na przeglądzie najważniejszych, tradycyjnych oraz najbardziej aktualnych tendencji w badaniach prowadzonych na tym polu. W pracy dokonano charakterystyki i porównania najważniejszych szkół europejskich zorientowanych na problematykę morfologii miast, wypracowanych na gruncie geografii i architektury. W tym celu prześledzono rozwój badań morfologicznych wywodzących się z trzech odmiennych tradycji: niemieckiej, brytyjskiej i włoskiej oraz zestawiono je z nowoczesnymi technikami analizy miejskich form przestrzennych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem space syntax (metody syntatyki przestrzeni). Artykuł ma na celu wskazać różnice w punkcie ciężkości badań morfologicznych prowadzonych w różnych obszarach badawczych, jednocześnie zaakcentować ich komplementarny potencjał poprzez prezentację różnych podejść teoretycznych i metodologicznych do struktur miejskich. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

This article is based on review of the most important, traditional as well as the most recent, trends in studies of urban morphology. It provides a comparative synthesis of the major European schools of urban morphology, developed in the field of geography and architecture. For this purpose, it traces the development of morphological studies derived from three distinct traditions: German, British and Italian, and compare them with modern techniques of analysis of urban spatial forms, with particular emphasis on space syntax. Through the presentation of different theoretical and methodological approaches to urban structures the article aims to demonstrate the differences in the focus of morphological studies conducted in different areas of research. At the same time it accentuate their complementary potential. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Architektura; Filozofia; Geografia miasta; Struktura przestrzenna; Miasto

EN

Architecture; Philosophy; Geography of a city; Spatial structure; City

• Czasopismo: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
• Rocznik: 2016
• Numer: nr 25 Geografia historyczna : wybrane współczesne problemy badawcze
• Strony: 25--38

Twórcy

autor

Magdalena Deptuła

• Uniwersytet Łódzki

Bibliografia

• Baker N.T., Slater T.R., 1992, Morphological regions in British medieval towns, [in:] Whitehand J.W.R., Larkham P.J. (eds), Urban landscapes: international perspectives, Routledge, London, s. 43-68.
• Berghauster Pont M., Haupt P., 2010, Spacematrix: space, density and urban form, Netherlands Architecture Institute, Amsterdam.
• Bobek H., 1927, Grundfragen der Stadtgeographie, "Geographischer Anzeiger", 28 (7), s. 213-24.
• Bollati R., 1980, Metodo di lettura delle strutture urbane, attraverso le fasi evolutive, Istituto Universitario Statale di Architettura, Reggio Calabria.
• Caniggia G., 1963, Lettura di una città: Como, Centro Studi di Storia Urbanistica, Roma.
• Caniggia G., Maffei G.L., 1978, Lettura dell'edilizia di base, Marsilio Editori, Padova.
• Caniggia G., Maffei G.L., 1979, Compositione architettonica e tipologia edilizia. I Lettura dell'edilizia di base, Marsilio, Venezia.
• Caniggia G., Maffei G.L., 1981, Strutture dello spazioantropico, Alinea, Firenze.
• Caniggia G., Maffei G.L., 2001, Architectural composition and building typology: interpreting basic building, Alinea, Firenze.
• Cataldi G., 2003, From Muratori to Caniggia: the origins and development of the Italian school of design typology, "Urban Morphology" 7 (1), s. 19-34.
• Cataldi G., Maffei G.L., Vaccaro P., 2002, Saverio Muratori and the Italian school of planning typology, "Urban Morphology", 6 (1), s. 3-14.
• Cho H., 2011, Future Korean Urban Transformation as the result of Integration of Urban Administrative Districts, The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2011, Conference Proceedings, International Academic Forum, s. 117-131.
• Ciołkosz-Styk A., 2013, Zastosowanie metody cyfrowego przetwarzania obrazów do wyznaczania gęstości graficznej opracowań kartograficznych na przykładzie planów miast, "Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji", 25, s. 55-66.
• Controy-Dalton R., Dalton N., 2007, Applying Depth Decay Functions to Space Syntax Network Graphs, (Proceedings) Sixth International Space Syntax Symposium.
• Conzen M.P., 2010, The elusive common denominator in understanding urban form, "Urban Morphology", 14, s. 55-58.
• Conzen M.R.G., 1960, Alnwick, Northumberland; a Study in Town-Plan Analysis, Publication 27, Institute of British Geographers, London.
• Conzen M.R.G., 1962, The plan analysis of an English city centre, [in:] Norborg K. (eds.), Proceedings of the IGU Symposium in Urban Geography, Gleerup, Lund, s. 383-414.
• Conzen M.R.G., 1968, The use of towns plans in the study of urban history, [in:] Doys H.J. (eds.), The study of urban history, London, s. 113-130.
• Dara-Abrams D., 2009, Extracting Cognitively Relevant Measures from Environmental Models, [in:] Koch D., Steen J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm.
• Dörries H., 1925, Die Städte im oberen Leinetal, Göttingen, Northeim und Einbeck. Ein Beitrag zur Landeskunde Niedersachsens und zur Methodik der Stadtgeographie, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.
• Geisler W., 1924, Die deutsche Stadt. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie der Kulturlandschaft, "Forschungen zur deutschen Landes und Volkskunde",22 (5), Engelhorn, Stuttgart.
• Giannini A., 1980, L'individuo territoriale, Istituto di Progettazione Architettonica, Genova.
• Gil J., Beirão J.N., Montenegro N., Duarte J., 2012, On the discovery of urban typologies: data mining the many dimensions of urban form, "Urban Morphology", 16, s. 27-40.
• Giovannoni G., 1930, Vecchie citta ed edilizia nuova, Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, Torino.
• Griffiths S., 2009, Persistence and Change in the Spatio-temporal Description of Sheffield Parish 1770-1910, [in:] Koch D., Marcus L., Steen J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 37, s. 1-15.
• Griffiths S., 2012, The use of Space Syntax in Historical Research: current practice and future possibilities, [in:] Greene M., Reyes J., Castro A. (eds.), Proceedings: Eight International Space Syntax Symposium, Santiago de Chile.
• Griffiths S., Jones C., Vaughan L., Haklay M., 2010, The persistence of suburban centres in Greater London: combining Conzenian and space syntax approaches, "Urban Morphology", 14 (2), s. 85-99.
• Hanna S., 2009, Spectral comparison of large urban graphs, [in:] Koch D., Marcus L., Steen J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 39, s. 1-11.
• Hassinger H., 1916, Kulturhistorischer Atlas der K.K. Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt Wien, und Verzeichnis der erhaltenswerten historischen Kunst- und Naturdenkmale des Wiener Stadtbildes, "Österreichische Kunsttopographie", 15, Schroll, Wien.
• Heineberg H., 2007, German geographical urban morphology in an international and interdisciplinary framework, "Urban Morphology", 11 (1), s. 5-24.
• Hillier B., 1996, Space is the machine: a configurational theory of architecture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Hillier B., 1999, Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids, "Urban Design International", 4 (3-4), s. 107-127.
• Hillier B., Hanson J., 1984, The social logic of space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Hillier B., Hanson J., Graham H., 1987, Ideas are in things: an application of the space syntax method to discovering house genotypes, "Environment and Planning B", 14, s. 363-385.
• Hoek J. van den, 2009, The Mixed-use Index as planning tool for new towns in the 21st Century, [in:] Stolk E., Brömmelstroet M.T. (eds.), New towns for the 21st century: the planned vs the unplanned city, SUN Architecture, Amsterdam, s. 198-207.
• Jiang B., Claramunt C., Klarqvist B., 2000, Integration of space syntax into GIS for modeling urban space, "International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation", 2, s. 161-171.
• Jiang B., Claramunt C., 2002, Integration of Space Syntax into GIS: New Perspectives for Urban Morphology, "Transactions in GIS", 6 (3), s. 295.
• Karimi K., 2000, Urban conservation and spatial transformation: preserving the fragments or maintaining the 'spatial spirit', "Urban Design International", 5, s. 221-231.
• Kigawa T., Furuyama M., 2005, Kyoto: A morphological cycle between a city of rituals and a city of games, Proceedings 5th International Space Syntax Symposium, Delft, TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture, s. 697-713.
• Koter M., Kulesza M., 2007, Morfologia miast - stan i tendencje rozwoju, [w:] Jażdżewska I. (red.), Polska geografia osadnictwa. Dotychczasowy dorobek. Program badań, XX Konwersatorium Wiedzy o Mieście, Katedra Geografii Miast i Turyzmu UŁ, Łódź, s. 303-314.
• Koter M., Kulesza M., 2008, Zastosowanie metod conzenowskich w polskich badaniach morfologii miast, [w:] Kulesza M. (red.), Czas i przestrzeń w naukach geograficznych. Wybrane problemy geografii historycznej, UŁ, Łódź, s. 257-272.
• Larkham P.J., 1996, Conservation and the city, Routledge, London.
• Letesson, Q., 2010, Du phénotype au génotype: Analyse de la syntaxe spatiale en architecture minoenne, Published PhD thesis, University of Louvain Press.
• Lilley K.D., 1999, Urban landscapes and the cultural politics of territorial control in Anglo-Norman England, "Landscapes Research", 24, s. 5-23.
• Lilley K.D., 2000, Mapping the medieval city: plan analysis and urban history, "Urban History", 27, s. 5-30.
• Marcus L., 2010, Spatial capital and how to measure it: a proposal for an extension of space syntax into a more general urban morphology, "Journal of Space Syntax", 1, s. 30-40.
• Maretto M., 1980, Realtà naturale e realtà della costruita, Uniedit, Firenze.
• Maretto M., 2013, Severio Muratori: towards a morphological school of urban design, "Urban Morphology", 17 (2), s. 93-106.
• Martiny R., 1928, Die Grundrißgestaltung der deutsche Siedlungen, Petermanns Mitteilungen, "Ergänzungsheft", 197, Perthes, Gotha.
• Marzot N., 2002, The study of urban form in Italy, "Urban Morphology", 6 (2), s. 59-73.
• Medeiros V., Holanda F., Trigueiro E., 2003, From Compact Colonial Villages to Sparse Metropolis, Proceedings, 4th International Space Syntax Symposium, UCL, London, s. 12.1-12.16.
• Medeiros V., Holanda F., 2007, Structure and size: Brazilian cities in an urban configurational world scenario, Proceedings 6th International Space Syntax Symposium Istanbul, Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture, 029.01-12.
• Muratori S., 1950, I caratteri degli edifici nello studio dell'architettura, Instituto Universitario di Architettura, Venezia.
• Muratori S., 1960, Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia, Instituto poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato.
• Muratori S., 1978, Metodologia del sistema realtà-autocoscienza, Centro Studi di Storia Urbanistica, Roma.
• O'Sullivan D., 2000, Graph-based cellular automation models of urban spatial processes, University College London, University of London, London.
• Oliveira V., 2013a, The study of urban form: reflections on national reviews, "Urban Morphology", 17 (2), s. 85-92.
• Oliveira V., 2013b, Morpho: a methodology for assessing urban form, "Urban Morphology", 14, s. 5-20.
• Osmond P., 2010, The urban structural unit: towards a descriptive framework to support urban analysis and planning, "Urban Morphology", 14, s. 5-20.
• Pagano G., Daniel G., 1936, Architettura rurale italiana, Ulrico Hoepli Editore, Milano.
• Pinho P., Oliveira V., 2009a, Combining different methodological approaches to analyze the Oporto Metropolitan Area, [in:] Koch D., Marcus L., Steen J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 88, s. 1-13.
• Pinho P., Oliveira V., 2009b, Cartographic analysis in urban morphology, "Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design", 36, s. 107-127.
• Ratzel F., 1903, Die geographische Lage der großen Städte Großstadt, "Jahrbuch der Gehe-Stiftung", 9, v. Zahn & Jaensch, Dresden.
• Schlüter O., 1899a, Bemerkungen zur Siedlungsgeographie, "Geographische Zeitschrift", 5, s. 65-84.
• Schlüter O., 1899b, Über den Grundriß der Städte, "Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin", 34, s. 446-462.
• Schöller P., 1953, Aufgaben und Probleme der Stadtgeographie, "Erdkunde", 7 (3), s. 161-184.
• Serra M., Pinho P., 2011, Dynamics of periurban spatial structures: investigating differentiated patterns of change on Oporto's urban fringe, "Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design", 38, s. 359-382.
• Shpuza E., 2009, Evolution of Street Networks in Adriatic and Ionian Coastal Cities 1769-2007, [in:] Koch D., Marcus L., Steen J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 101, s. 1-15.
• Slater T.R., 1987, Ideal and reality in English episcopal medieval town planning, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series 12, s. 191-203.
• Stanilov K., 2010, Brigding the gap between urban morphology and urban modeling, "Urban Morphology", 14, s. 123-124.
• Ståhle A., 2012, Place Syntax Tool (PST), [in:] Hull A., Silva C., Bertolini L. (eds.), Accessibility Instruments for Planning Practice, COST Office, s. 173-178.
• Szmytkie R., 2009, Miasta-zlepieńce na Śląsku Dolnym i Opolskim, Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 6, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław.
• Szmytkie R., 2014, Metody analizy morfologii i fizjonomii jednostek osadniczych, Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego, 35, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław.
• Thaler U., 2005, Narrative and Syntax: new perspectives on the Late Bronze Age palace of Pylos, Greece, Proceedings 5th International Space Syntax Symposium, Delft, TU Delft, Faculty of Architecture, s. 324-339.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 1967, Fringe belts: a neglected aspect of urban geography, "Transactions", 41, Institute of British Geographers, s. 223-233.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 1972, Building cycles and the spatial pattern of urban growth, "Transactions", 56, Institute of British Geographers, s. 39-55.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 1981, Conzenian ideas: extention and development, [in:] Whitehand J.W.R. (eds.), The urban landscape: historical development and management, Papers by M.R.G. Conzen, Institute of British Geographers. Special Publication, 13, Academic Press, London.
• Whitehand, J.W.R., 1988, Urban fringe belts: development of an idea, "Planning Perspectives", 3, s. 47-58.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 1992, The making of the Urban landscape, Institute of British Geographers, Special Publication, 26, Blackwell, Oxford.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 1994, Development cycles and urban landscapes, "Geography", 79, s. 3-17.
• Whitehand J.W.R., 2003, Suburban residential building form: a historio-geographical approach, [in:] Bischoff C.A., Krajewski C. (eds.), Beiträge zur geographischen Stadt- und Regionalforschung, 46, Institut für Geographie, Münster, s. 165-174.
• Ye Y., Nes van A., 2014, Quantitative tools in urban morphology: combining space syntax, spacematrix and mixed-use index in GIS framework, "Urban Morphology", 18 (2), s. 98-118.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18778/1508-1117.25.02