Institutional Underpinnings of the Development of Knowledge Sub-systems in Central and Eastern Europe

• Autorzy: Adam Karbowski

Warianty tytułu

Instytucjonalne fundamenty rozwoju podsystemów wiedzy w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Knowledge sub-system encompassing innovation, research and education is one of the key institutional domains that constitute each national economy. Over the last fifteen years the knowledge sub-systems have undergone profound transformation to emerge as the main motors of industrial competitiveness, growth and development in a globalized world. This paper thoroughly reviews the large body of literature on knowledge sub-systems in CEE countries. The resulting policy conclusions are so far ambivalent. The most immediate implication would be for the CEE economies to substantially invest in education, training and research in order to stabilize their current comparative advantages and to attract new investments. Thus far, a relatively low level of R&D expenditures is a typical characteristic of CEE countries. The ratio of patents to population numbers in CEE countries is extremely low. The activities of multinational enterprises tend to diminish the gap in the presence of high technologies compared with Western Europe. In terms of education there are no clear patterns for CEE countries. Some states show similarities with continental education systems. Slovenia was the only one to fall into the group of - mainly Nordic - countries with the most successful educational system. (original abstract)

Podsystem wiedzy obejmujący innowacje, badania naukowe oraz kształcenie jest jednym z kluczowych obszarów instytucjonalnych, które współtworzą każdą gospodarkę narodową. W ostatnich 15 latach podsystemy wiedzy uległy głębokiej transformacji i stały się głównymi motorami konkurencyjności gałęzi przemysłowych, wzrostu oraz rozwoju gospodarczego w zglobalizowanym świecie. Niniejszy artykuł dokonuje gruntownego przeglądu obszernego piśmiennictwa poświęconego problematyce podsystemów wiedzy w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Wynikające z przeglądu wnioski dla polityki gospodarczej są jak dotąd ambiwalentne. Najbardziej bezpośrednią implikacją dla polityki gospodarczej krajów regionu wydaje się potrzeba znacznego ainwestowania w kształcenie, szkolenia zasobu pracy oraz badania naukowe w celu ustabilizowania bieżących przewag komparatywnych krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej na tle globalnych procesów realokacji produkcji oraz w celu przyciągnięcia nowych inwestycji. Jak dotąd, stosunkowo niski poziom wydatków na badania i rozwój pozostaje typową cechą dla krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Liczba patentów przypadających na jednego mieszkańca w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jest bardzo niska. Działania podejmowane przez przedsiębiorstwa transnarodowe tłumaczą relatywnie mniejszą lukę do pozostałych gospodarek europejskich w zakresie obecności w regionie wysokich technologii. Pod względem kształcenia nie istnieją wyraźne wzorce dzielone przez kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Niektóre kraje regionu wykazują podobieństwa z kontynentalnym systemem kształcenia. Słowenia natomiast pozostaje jedynym krajem regionu przypominającym systemem edukacji odnoszący sukcesy model nordycki. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Knowledge; Innovations; Scientific research; Learning

PL

Wiedza; Innowacje; Badania naukowe; Kształcenie

• Czasopismo: Ekonomista
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 30--46

Twórcy

autor

Adam Karbowski

• Warsaw School of Economics, Poland

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