Pozycja lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

• Autorzy: Justyna Kujawska

Warianty tytułu

Position of Primary Care Physicians in Central and Eastern European Countries

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie powojennym rozwinęły systemy zdrowotne oparte na modelu Siemaszki. Zakładał on rozwój stacjonarnej i specjalistycznej opieki zdrowotnej, pomijając podstawową opiekę zdrowotną i rolę lekarzy ogólnych w systemie. Od ponad 20 lat w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej przywraca się właściwą pozycję lekarzom rodzinnym i podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej. Celem artykułu jest określenie pozycji lekarza rodzinnego/ogólnego i systemu podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej oraz porównanie dostępności do świadczeń ambulatoryjnych w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Państwa Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej mają niskie wydatki na ochronę zdrowia w porównaniu z krajami Europy Zachodniej. Lekarze rodzinni/ogólni pełnią rolę strażników (gatekeepers) dostępu do bardziej specjalistycznej i droższej opieki zdrowotnej. Pomimo kształcenia z zakresu medycyny rodzinnej, występuje niedobór lekarzy pierwszego kontaktu, szczególnie na obszarach wiejskich. Występują utrudnienia w dostępie do opieki zdrowotnej i w jej ciągłości. Systemy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej są systemami słabymi. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

In the postwar period, Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries developed health systems based on the Semashko model. It focuses on the development of hospital care and secondary health care, completely ignoring primary care and the role of primary care physicians in the system. For more than 20 years, CEE countries have been trying to reinstitute the due position of family physicians and primary care. The aim of this article is to determine the position of primary care physicians in the health care system, and to compare the availability of basic health services in Central and Eastern European countries. CEE countries have low spending on health care compared to Western European countries. Family doctors play the role of gatekeepers for access to more specialist and expensive health care. Despite family medicine education, there is a shortage of primary care physicians, especially in rural areas. There are barriers to access and continuity of health care. Primary health care systems in CEE countries can be characterized as weak systems. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

System ochrony zdrowia; Ochrona zdrowia; Personel medyczny; Przegląd literatury; Przestrzenna analiza porównawcza

EN

Health care system; Health care protection; Medical staff; Literature review; Comparative spatial analysis

• Czasopismo: Problemy Zarządzania
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: vol. 15, nr 3 (69), cz. 1 Zmiany systemowe w ochronie zdrowia
• Strony: 67--81

Twórcy

autor

Justyna Kujawska

• Politechnika Gdańska

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7172/1644-9584.69.5