The Contribution of Polish Technical Thought to the Quality of Life in Developed Countries

• Autorzy: Małgorzata Wachowska
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Due to the fact that technological progress is an important factor influencing the quality of life, the purpose of the paper is to determine what is the contribution - measured by the number of inventions - of mobile Poles to increasing the quality of life of their host countries. The paper considers two fundamental questions: (1) how many inventions, including area of technology, Poles generate for the benefit of countries which they emigrate to and (2) what part of the inventive output of the host countries, including the area of technology, are inventions created by immigrants from Poland. The paper uses the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of patent applications made in the years 2004-2012 within the frames of international procedure by residents from developed economies of Europe, the United States and Japan (a total of 9 countries), which has made it possible to: (1) separate those applications in the case of which the creator of the technical solution is an immigrant from Poland and (2) determine the number of inventions created abroad by Poles for the benefit of their countries of destination. The study involves individuals exceptionally endowed with high human capital who have especially contributed to technological changes occurring in the world, i.e. creators of inventions filed for patent protection within the frames of international procedure - The Patent Cooperation Treaty - who at the time of making the applications lived in the developed countries covered by the study and came from Poland. The analysis of over 1700 PCT patent applications has made it possible to say that in the years 2004-2012: (1) Poles to the largest extent contributed to increasing the quality of life of Americans, for whom they created a total of 828 inventions, then Germans and Britons, whose inventive output they increased by 425 and 143 inventions, respectively, while their contribution to the improvement of the quality of life of the Japanese, Swedes or Finns was very small; (2) Poles to the largest extent contributed to increasing the quality of life of the inhabitants of developed countries by generating inventions in the following areas of technology: (a) chemistry; metallurgy and b) human necessities. Starting from 2009, the creative activity of immigrants from Poland is less and less related to the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of their economies of destination. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Knowledge transfer; Occupational migration; Quality of life; Technological progress; Brain exchange

PL

Transfer wiedzy; Migracja zawodowa; Jakość życia; Postęp technologiczny; Drenaż mózgów

• Czasopismo: Ekonomia - Wroclaw Economic Review
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: tom 23, nr 4
• Strony: 139--149

Twórcy

autor

Małgorzata Wachowska

• Uniwersytet Wrocławski

Bibliografia

• Edler J., Fier H., & Grimpe C. (2011), "International scientist mobility and the locus of knowledge and technology transfer", Research Policy 40 (6), pp. 791-805.
• Grabowska-Lusińska I., & Okólski M. (2008), "Migracja z Polski po 1 maja 2004 r.: jej intensywność i kierunki geografi czne oraz alokacja migrantów na rynkach pracy krajów Unii Europejskiej", CRM Working Papers 33/91.
• Hunt J. (2009), "Which immigrants are most innovative and entrepreneurial? Distinctions by entry visa", NBER Working Paper Series 14920.
• Kaczmarczyk P. (2015), "Poland: Large migration outflows and skill-mismatch", in: Brain Drain - Brain Gain: European Labour Markets in Times of Crisis, ed. A. Schellinger, Bonn, pp. 33-43.
• Kerr W.R. (2009). "Breakthrough inventions and migrating clusters of innovation", NBER Working Paper Series 15443.
• Lee E.S. (1966), "A theory of migration", Demography 3 (1), pp. 47-57.
• Lesińska M. et al. (2014), Dekada członkostwa Polski w UE: społeczne skutki emigracji Polaków po 2004 roku, Warszawa.
• Łotysz S. (2013), Wynalazczość polska w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Warszawa.
• Miguelez E., & Fink C. (2013), "Measuring the international mobility of inventors: A new database", WIPO Working Paper 8.
• Niebuhr A. (2010), "Migration and innovation: Does cultural diversity matter for regional R&D activity?", Papers in Regional Science 89 (3), pp. 563-585.
• Oettl A., & Agrawal A. (2008), "International labor mobility and knowledge flow externalities", Journal of International Business Studies 39, pp. 1242-1260.
• Okólski M. (2009), "Polska jako aktor na europejskiej scenie migracyjnej", in: Współczesne migracje: dylematy Europy i Polski, eds. M. Duszczyk, M. Lesińska, Warszawa, pp. 7-14.
• Stephan P.E., & Levin S.G. (2001), "Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educated", Population Research and Policy Review 20 (1-2), pp. 59-79.
• Wachowska M. (2017a), "Kierunki poakcesyjnej emigracji polskich wynalazców", Studia i Prace WNEiZ Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego 49/2, pp. 363-375.
• Wachowska M. (2017b), "Przedsiębiorczość meksykańskiej mniejszości narodowej w Stanach Zjednoczonych, na podstawie liczby zgłoszeń patentowych PCT", Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie XVIII (12), pp. 37-48.
• Wachowska M. (2017c), "Wkład imigrantów z państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w produkt innowacyjny Stanów Zjednoczonych. Wyniki badań", Horyzonty Polityki 8 (23), pp. 77-99.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.19195/2084-4093.23.4.11