Chińska Republika Ludowa wobec programu nuklearnego Iranu po zimnej wojnie

• Autorzy: Łukasz Jureńczyk

Warianty tytułu

The People's Republic of China towards the Iranian Nuclear Program after the Cold War

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celami artykułu są analiza oraz ocena politycznych i gospodarczych okoliczności warunkujących stosunek Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec programu nuklearnego Iranu po zimnej wojnie. Główną tezą jest stwierdzenie, że podejście Chin do atomowych aspiracji Iranu ewoluowało, od wsparcia, przez wstrzemięźliwość, po ograniczone działania na rzecz ich wygaszenia. Rozwijanie przez państwa, w tym Iran, nielegalnych programów nuklearnych, na przełomie stuleci stało się sprzeczne z interesami Państwa Środka. Wspieranie tych działań przez Chiny obniżało ich międzynarodowy autorytet oraz pogarszało stosunki ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi i szerzej z Zachodem. W związku z tym Pekin zaangażował się w umacnianie międzynarodowego reżimu nieproliferacji broni masowego rażenia. Chinom zależało jednak, aby powstrzymanie programu nuklearnego Iranu nastąpiło przy możliwie najmniejszych kosztach dla partnera. Postawa taka miała przekonać Teheran, że długofalowo Pekin zainteresowany jest zacieśnianiem stosunków dwustronnych. W związku z tym Chiny kategorycznie sprzeciwiały się możliwości zastosowania rozwiązań militarnych, jak również oponowały przeciwko nakładaniu na Iran zbyt dotkliwych sankcji gospodarczych. Międzynarodowe negocjacje z udziałem Chin w kwestii programu nuklearnego Iranu w 2015 roku przyniosły porozumienie. Mimo, że aktywność Pekinu była ograniczona, to zrealizowane zostały zakładane przez niego cele, tj. Iran zobowiązał się do zamrożenia programu jądrowego w zamian za zniesienie sankcji gospodarczych, co odbyło się do drogą dyplomatyczną. Problem nie został jednak ostatecznie rozwiązany i wokół kwestii programu nuklearnego Iranu ponownie wzrastają napięcia, co nie sprzyja interesom Chin. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The aims of the article are to analyze and assess the political and economic circumstances that determine the attitude of the People's Republic of China towards the nuclear program of Iran after the Cold War. Its main thesis is that China's approach towards Iran's nuclear aspirations has evolved from support, through abstinence to limited efforts to extinguish them. The development of illegal nuclear programs by states, including Iran, at the turn of the century became contrary to the interests of the Middle Kingdom. China's support for these activities lowered their international authority and aggravated their relations with the United States and, more broadly, with the West. Because of that it has engaged in strengthening the international regime of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. China, however, was keen to stop the Iranian nuclear program at the lowest possible cost to the partner. This attitude was to convince Tehran that in the long-term Beijing is interested in tightening bilateral relations. Therefore, China categorically opposed the possibility of using military solutions, and opposed excessive economic sanctions. International negotiations with China on the Iranian nuclear program brought an agreement in 2015. Although Beijing's activity was limited, its goals were achieved, i.e. Iran undertook to freeze the nuclear program in exchange for the lift of economic sanctions, and it happened through diplomatic channels. The problem, however, has not been resolved definitively, and tensions are mounting again around the question of Iran's nuclear program, what is against China's interests. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Stosunki polityczne; Stosunki gospodarcze

EN

Political relations; Economic relations

• Czasopismo: Humanities and Social Sciences
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 23 (XXIII)
• Numer: nr 25 (1)
• Strony: 33--47

Twórcy

autor

Łukasz Jureńczyk

• Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7862/rz.2018.hss.3