America first a amerykańskie przywództwo w sferze wolności gospodarczej

• Autorzy: Andrzej Kondratowicz

Warianty tytułu

America First and the US Leadership In Economic Freedom

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem artykułu jest analiza szans odzyskania przez USA przywództwa w sferze wolności gospodarczej. Wykorzystując Indeks Wolności Gospodarczej Instytutu Frasera (IWG) oraz historyczne szacunki wolności gospodarczej Pradosa de la Escosury, scharakteryzowano obecny i historyczny poziom wolności gospodarczej Stanów Zjednoczonych i ich miejsce w rankingu światowym. Możliwe przyszłe wartości amerykańskiego IWG oszacowano metodami ilościowymi i jakościowymi. Z analizy wynika, że USA nie są obecnie liderem wolności gospodarczej. Szacunki historyczne pokazują, że nie były nim także w okresie 1850-1935/1939. Można zaś twierdzić, iż były liderem w latach 1935/1939-1970. Nie ma natomiast dużych szans na wzrost poziomu wolności gospodarczej USA w perspektywie nadchodzących kilku lat. Przeciwnie, należy się raczej obawiać się, iż polityka Donalda Trumpa wywoła zarówno spadek wartości IWG, jak i spadek pozycji USA w światowym rankingu. W artykule wskazano też na polityczne i ideologiczne podstawy Trumponomiki - polityki gospodarczej administracji Trumpa.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article analyzes the chances of the United States regaining the world leadership in economic freedom. Present and past levels of economic freedom, as well as the respective international rankings are assessed using the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) by Fraser Institute (1970-2015) and the Historical Index of Economic Liberty by Prados de la Escosura (1850-2007), respectively. Future EFI values for the US are forecasted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. It is shown that the US currently is not the world leader in economic freedom. According to available historical estimates, it was not the world leader between 1850-1935/39 either, but it may be considered one in the period 1935/39-1970. Probability of the US regaining the leadership in the years to come seems low. To the contrary, one can suspect that Donald Trump policies will cause both a decrease in the US EFI level and in its position in the world ranking. The article also deals with political and ideological bases of Trumponomics, i.e. of the economic policies of the Trump Administration.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Wolność gospodarcza; Polityka gospodarcza; Gospodarka; Populizm; Nacjonalizm

EN

Economic freedom; Economic policy; Economy; Populism; Nationalism

• Czasopismo: Studia Ekonomiczne / Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Ekonomicznych
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: nr 3 (94)
• Strony: 285--313

Twórcy

autor

Andrzej Kondratowicz

• SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny w Warszawie

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