The Importance of Trust in the Implementation of the Strategic Management Process

• Autorzy: Letycja Sołoducho-Pelc

Warianty tytułu

Znaczenie zaufania wewnątrz organizacji dla realizacji procesu zarządzania strategicznego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Background. Although trust is a prerequisite for building business relationships, the scientific output of the theoretical and empirical research in this field in management sciences is rather meagre. It concerns mainly the trust in the context of building relationships with external partners. However, from the perspective of management it is important to focus on the issue of trust primarily in relation to employees.
Research aims. The aim of the article is to present the achievements of theoretical and empirical research on the issues of trust in the strategic management process.
Methodology. The studies concerned selected problems associated with the trust of the management staff in relation to employees and the implementation of the strategic management procedure. The main questions concerned: 1. Considering employee ideas when making key decisions in the company. 2. Engagement of employees in the strategy development. 3. Responsibility of all employees for the implementation of the strategy. 4. Discretionary powers of the employees as to the manner of implementing the strategy. The test sample included 150 Polish companies (50 small businesses, 50 medium-sized companies, and 50 large companies). The research tool was a survey questionnaire. In the survey, a research technique applied in quantitative studies - Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) was used. The five-point Likert scale was used in the survey questionnaire.
Key findings. The surveys allowed confirming the existence of a relationship between trust and the implementation of the strategic management procedure. (original abstract)

Tło badań. Pomimo że zaufanie stanowi podstawowy warunek budowania relacji w biznesie, jednak dorobek badań teoretycznych i empirycznych z tego obszaru w naukach o zarządzaniu jest dość skromny. Dotyczy on głównie zaufania w budowaniu relacji z partnerami zewnętrznymi. Jednak z punktu widzenia zarzadzania istotne jest koncentrowanie się na kwestii zaufania przede wszystkim w odniesieniu do pracowników.
Cele badań. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dorobku badań teoretycznych i empirycznych w naukach o zarządzaniu oraz problematyki zaufania w procesie zarządzania strategicznego.
Metodologia. Badania dotyczyły wybranych problemów związanych z zaufaniem kierownictwa w stosunku do pracowników i realizacją procedury zarządzania strategicznego.
Podstawowe pytania dotyczyły:
1. Uwzględniania pomysłów pracowników przy podejmowaniu ważnych decyzji w firmie.
2. Zaangażowania pracowników w tworzenie strategii.
3. Odpowiedzialności wszystkich pracowników za wdrożenie strategii.
4. Swobody decyzyjnej pracowników w kwestii sposobu wdrażania strategii.
Wielkość próby badawczej wyniosła 150 polskich przedsiębiorstw (50 małych firm, 50 średnich, 50 dużych przedsiębiorstw). Narzędzie badawcze stanowił kwestionariusz ankiety. W badaniu wykorzystano technikę badawczą stosowaną w badaniach ilościowych - Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI). W kwestionariuszu ankiety wykorzystano pięciostopniową skalę Likerta.
Kluczowe wnioski. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na potwierdzenie istnienia związku pomiędzy zaufaniem, a realizacją procedury zarządzania strategicznego. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Strategic management; Trust; Strategy formulation; Enterprises study; Questionnaire survey; Research results

PL

Zarządzanie strategiczne; Zaufanie; Formułowanie strategii; Badanie przedsiębiorstw; Badania ankietowe; Wyniki badań

• Czasopismo: International Journal of Contemporary Management
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: 16
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 237--261

Twórcy

autor

Letycja Sołoducho-Pelc

• Wrocław University of Economics, Poland

Bibliografia

• Adobor, H. (2006). Optimal Trust? Uncertainty as a Determinant and Limit to Trust in Inter-Inter-Firm Alliances. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 7, pp. 537-553.
• Andrews, K.R. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood II: Dow-Jones-Irwin.
• Astley, W.G., & Fombrun, C.J. (1983). Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 576-587.
• Barney, J.B. (2001). Resource-Based Theories of Competitive Advantage: A Ten-Year Retrospective on the Resource-Based View. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643-650.
• Barney, J.B., & Hansen, M.H. (1994). Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 175-190.
• Battaglio, P. Jr, R., & Condrey, S.E. (2009). Reforming Public Management: Analyzing the Impact of Public Service Reform on Organizational and Managerial Trust. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 689-707.
• Ben-Porath, Y. (1980). The F-connection: Families, Friends, and Firms in the Organization of Exchange. Population and Development Review, 1-30.
• Bhattacharya, R., Devinney, T.M., & Pillutla, M.M. (1998). A Formal Model of Trust Based on Outcomes. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 459-472.
• Bigley, G.A., & Pearce, J.L. (1998). Straining for Shared Meaning in Organisation Science: Problems of Trust and Distrust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 405-421.
• Bradach, J., & Eccles, R. (1989). Price, Authority, and Trust: For Ideal Types to Plural Forms. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 97-118.
• Bresnen, M., & Marshall, N. (2000). Partnering in Construction: a Critical Review of Issues, Problems and Dilemmas. Construction Management & Economics, 18(2), 229-237.
• Brewer, G., & Strahorn, S. (2012). Trust and the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(3), 286-305.
• Chia, J. (2005). Is Trust a Necessary Component of Relationship Management? Journal of Communication Management, 9(3), 277-285.
• Chiles, T.H., & McMacklin, J.F. (1996). Integrating Variable Risk Preferences Trust and Transaction Cost Economics. Academy of Management Review, 21, 73-99.
• Coleman, J.S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
• Das, T.K., & Teng, B.S. (2002). The Dynamics of Alliance Conditions in the Alliance Development Process. Journal of Management Studies, 39, 725-746.
• Das, A., Nag, A., & Ray, S.C. (2005). Liberalisation, Ownership and Efficiency in Indian Banking: a Nonparametric analysis. Economic and political weekly, 1190-1197.
• Dietz, G., & Den Hartog, D.N. (2006). Measuring Trust Inside Organisations. Personnel Review, 35(5), 557-588.
• Dirks, K., & Ferrin, D.L. (2002). Trust in Leadership: Meta-analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628.
• Dodgson, M. (1993). Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures. Organization Studies, 14(3), pp. 375-394.
• Dwyer, F.R., Schurr, P.H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 11-27.
• Dyer, J.H. (1996). Does governance matter? Keiretsu Alliances and Asset Specificity as Sources of Japanese Competitive Advantage. Organization Science, 7(6), 649-666.
• Dyer, J.H., & Chu, W. (2003). The Role of Trustworthiness in Reducing Transaction Costs and Improving Performance: Empirical Evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea. Organization Science, 14(1), 57-68.
• Dyer, J.H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
• Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: The Free Press.
• Gaur, A.S., Mukherjee, D., Gaur, S.S., & Schmid, F. (2011). Environmental and Firm Level Influences on Inter-Organizational Trust and SME Performance. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8), December.
• Gulati, R. (1995). Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 85-112.
• Gustafsson, M., Smyth, H., Ganskau, E., & Arhippainen, T. (2010). Bridging Strategic and Operational Issues for Project Business Through Managing Trust. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3(3), 422-442.
• Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning within International Strategic Alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S1), 83-103.
• Hampton, K.N., Goulet, L.S., Rainie, L., & Purcell, K. (2011). Social Networking Sites and our Lives: How People's Trust, Personal Relationships, and Civic and Political Involvement are Connected to Their Use of Social Networking Sites and other Technologies. 2011. Pew Research: Washington, DC Available from: http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Technology-and-social-networks.aspx. [access: 10.02.2017].
• Hardin, R. (2002). Trust and Trustworthiness. Russell Sage Foundation.
• Hejduk, I.K., Grudzewski, W.M., Sankowska, A., & Wańtuchowicz M. (2009). Znaczenie zaufania i zarządzania zaufaniem w opinii przedsiębiorstw . E-mentor, 5(32). http://www.e-mentor.edu.pl/artykul/index/numer/32/id/696 [access: 10.02.2017].
• Holland, P., Cooper, B.K., & Pyman, A. (2012). Trust in Management: The Role of Employee Voice Arrangements and Perceived Managerial Opposition to Unions. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(4), 377-391.
• Hosmer, L. (1995). Trust: The Connecting Link Between Organization Theory and Philosophical Ethics. Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 379-403.
• Inkpen, A.C., & Currall, S.C. (2004). The Coevolution of Trust, Control, and Learning in Joint Ventures. Organization Science, 15, 586-599.
• In Management We Trust: How Social Capital Can Improve the Balance Sheet (2011). Strategic Direction, 27(5), 29-31.
• Jhih-Ming, L., Gwo-Guang, L., & Wei-Lin, H. (2009). The Influence of Partner's Trust-commitment Relationship on Electronic Commerce Strategic Planning. Management Decision, 47(3), 491-507.
• Jiang, Z., Henneberg, S.C., & Naudé, P. (2011). Supplier Relationship Management in the Construction Industry: The Effects of Trust and Dependence. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 27(1), 3-15.
• Juchnowicz, M. (2007). Zaufanie organizacyjne. Kwartalnik nauk o przedsiębiorstwie, (2), 25-29.
• Kaleta, A. (2013). Realizacja strategii. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
• Kedia, B.L., & Mukherjee, D. (2009). Understanding Offshoring: A Research Framework Based on Disintegration, Location and Externalization Advantages. Journal of World Business, 44(3), 250-261.
• Kee, H.W., & Knox, R.E. (1970). Conceptual and Methodological Considerations in the Study of Trust and Suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14(3), 357-366.
• Ko, D.G. (2010). Consultant Competence Trust Doesn't Pay off, but Benevolent Trust Does! Managing Knowledge with Care. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(2), 202-213.
• Koeszegi, S.T. (2004). Trust-Building Strategies in Inter-organizational Negotiations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(6), 640-660.
• Koller, R.M. (1988). Risk as a Determinant of Trust. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 9, 265-276.
• Koohang, A., Paliszkiewicz, J., & Goluchowski, J. (2017). The Impact of Leadership on Trust, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Performance: A Research Model. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 521-537.
• Kordel, P. (2002). Zaufanie a proces tworzenia strategii przedsiębiorstwa. Organizacja i Kierowanie, 2, 77-89.
• Koza, M.P., & Lewin, A.Y. (1998). The Co-evolution of Strategic Alliances. Organization Science, 9, 255-264.
• Kramer, R.M. (1999). Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions. Annual Review Psychology, 50, 569-598.
• Krawczyk-Bryłka, B. (2012). Empowerment - strategia zarządzania oparta na zaufaniu, Zarządzanie i Finanse, 10(4), cz. 1, 313-330.
• Kuei-Hsien, N., Grant, M., Seung, B., & Kenichiro, C. (2012). Trust, Learning and a Firm's Involvement in Industrial Clusters: A Conceptual Framework. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 22(2), 133-146.
• Lai, J.M., Lee, G.G., & Hsu, W.L. (2009). The Influence of Partner's Trust-Commitment Relationship on Electronic Commerce Strategic Planning. Management Decision, 47(3), 491-507.
• Larson, A. (1992). Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings: A study of the governance of exchange relationships. Administrative science quarterly, 76-104.
• Lau, E., & Rowlinson, S. (2011). The Implications of Trust in Relationships in Managing Construction Projects. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 4(4), 633-659.
• Lewicki, R.J., Tomlinson, E.C., & Gillespie, N. (2006). Models of Interpersonal Trust Development: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions. Journal of Management, 32(6), 991-1022.
• Lewis, J.D., & Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a Social Reality. Social Forces, 63, 967-985.
• Li, P.P. (2007). Towards an Interdisciplinary Conceptualization of Trust: A Typological Approach. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 421-445.
• Luhmann, N. (2000). Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives, in Gambetta, D. (ed.) Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, electronic edition, Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, chapter 6, pp. 94-107, http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/papers/luhmann94-107.pdf. [access: 25.02.2017].
• Macaulay, S. (1963). Non-contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study. American Sociological Review, 28, 55-67.
• Madhok, A. (1995). Revisiting Multinational Firms' Tolerance for Joint Ventures: A Trust-based Approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 26, 117-137.
• Mayer, R., Davis, C., & Schoorman, F. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organisational Trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
• McAllister, D.J. (1995). Affect-and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59.
• McEvily, B., Perrone, V., & Zaheer, A. (2003). Trust as an Organizing Principle. Organization Science, 14, 91-103.
• McKnight, D.H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C.J. (2002). Developing and Validating Trust Measures for E-commerce Customer: An Integrative Typology. Information Systems Research, 13, 334-359.
• McManus, J. (2011). Revisiting Ethics in Strategic Management. Corporate Governance. The International Journal of Business in Society, 11(2), 214-223.
• McMillan, Ch., & Overall, J. (2016). Wicked Problems: Turning Strategic Management Upside Down. Journal of Business Strategy, 37(1), 34-43.
• Measures, M., & Bagshaw, M. (2009). Management and Leadership: A Competency Framework to Deliver the National Trust's Strategy. Industrial and Commercial Training, 41(7), 355-362.
• Melewar, T.C., Foroudi, P., Gupta, S., Kitchen, P.J., & Foroudi, M.M. (2017). Integrating Identity, Strategy and Communications for Trust, Loyalty and Commitment. European Journal of Marketing, 51(3), 572-604.
• Miles, R.E., & Snow, C.C. (1986). Organizations: New Concepts for New Forms. California Management Review, 28(3), 62-73.
• Morgan, R.M., & Hunt, S.D. (1994). The Commitment-trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
• Morgan, D., & Zeffane, R. (2003). Employee Involvement, Organizational Change and Trust in Management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 55-75.
• Möllering, G. (2006). Trust: Reason, Routine, Reflexivity. Emerald Group Publishing.
• Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23: 242-266.
• Nichols, T., Danford, A., & Tasiran, A.C. (2009). Trust, Employer Exposure and the Employment Relation. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 30(2), 241-265.
• Niu, K.H., Miles, G., Bach, S., & Chinen, K. (2012). Trust, Learning and a Firm's Involvement in Industrial Clusters: a Conceptual Framework. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 22(2), 133-146.
• Nooteboom, B. (1996). Trust, Opportunism and Governance: A Process and Control Model. Organization Studies, 17(6), 985-1010.
• Nooteboom, B. (2002). Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Paliszkiewicz, J. (2014). Rola zaufania w zarządzaniu http://www.ptzp.org.pl/files/konferencje/kzz/artyk_pdf_2014/T1/t1_409.pdf [access: 26.02.2017].
• Parayitam, S., & Dooley, R.S. (2007). The Relationship Between Conflict and Decision Outcomes: Moderating Effects of Cognitive- and Affect-based Trust in Strategic Decision Making Teams. International Journal of Conflict Management, 18(1), 42-73.
• Parkhe, A. (1998). Understanding Trust in International Alliances. Journal of World Business, 33, 219-240.
• Pate, J., Morgan-Thomas, A., & Beaumont, P. (2012). Trust Restoration: An Examination of Senior Managers' Attempt to Rebuild Employee Trust. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(2), 148-164.
• Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G.R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence approach. NY: Harper and Row Publishers.
• Politis, J.D. (2003). The Connection Between Trust and Knowledge Management: What Are Its Implications for Team Performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(5), 55-66.
• Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Pres.
• Richardson, J. (2009). Indispensable to Sound Strategy: Trust and Confidence in the Planner. Foresight, 11(3), 56-66.
• Rousseau, D., Sitkin, S., Burt, R., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so Different After All: A Cross Discipline View of Trust. Academy of Management Review, 23, 393-404.
• Sankowska A. (2011). Wpływ zaufania na zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem: perspektywa wewnątrzorganizacyjna. Difin.
• Schofield, C. (2008). Key Challenges Facing Public Sector Leaders. Ashridge Journal, Autumn, 33-38.
• Searle, R., Hartog, D., Weibel, D.N., Gillespie, A., Six, N., Hatzakis, F.T., & Skinner, D. (2011). Trust in the Employer: The Role of High-involvement Work Practices and Procedural Justice in European Organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(5), 1069-1092.
• Shapiro, S.P. (1987). The Social Control of Impersonal Trust. American Journal of Sociology, 93(3), 623-658.
• Shapiro, D.L., Sheppard, B.H., & Cheraskin, L. (1992). Business on a Handshake. Negotiation Journal, October, 365-377.
• Smyth, H., Gustafsson, M., & Ganskau, E. (2010). The Value of Trust in Project Business. International Journal of Project Management, 28(2), 117-129.
• Sydow, J. (1998). Understanding the Constitution of Interorganizational Trust, in Lane, C. and Bachmann, R. (Eds), Trust Within and Between Organizations: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Applications, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Uzzi, B. (1997). Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35-67.
• Vaughan-Smith, K. (2013). Harnessing the Strategic Power of Trust. Strategic Direction, 9(5), 3-5.
• Wahyudi, I. (2014). Commitment and Trust in Achieving Financial Goals of Strategic Alliance: Case in Islamic Microfinance. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 7(4), 421-442.
• Wekselberg, V. (1996). Reduced "Social" in a New Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 21, (2), 333-335.
• Wathne, K.H., & Heidi, J.B. (2000). Opportunism in Interfirm Relationships: Forms, Outcomes, and Solutions. Journal of Marketing, 64, 36-51.
• Welch, M. (2006). Rethinking Relationship Management: Exploring the Dimension of Trust. Journal of Communication Management, 10(2), 138-155.
• Welty, B., & Becerra-Fernandez, I. (2001). Managing trust and commitment in collaborative supply chain relationships. Communications of the ACM, 44(6), 67-73.
• Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180.
• Wu, W.P. (2008). Dimensions of Social Capital and Firm Competitiveness Improvement: The Mediating Role of Information Sharing. Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 122-146.
• Yamagishi, T., Cook, K., & Watabe, M. (1998). Uncertainty, Trust and Commitment Formation in the United States and Japan. American Journal of Sociology, 104, 165-194.
• Zaheer, A., & Venkatraman, N. (1995). Relational Governance as an Interorganizational Strategy: An Empirical Test of the Role of Trust in Economic Exchange. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 373-392.
• Zhen, T., Xuan, Y., & Jing, Z. (2012). Trusting Relationships of CTO-CEO and CTO's Participation in Technology Strategy: Based on Empirical Study of Chinese High-Tech Firms. Chinese Management Studies, 6(1), 137-159.
• Zucker, L. (1986). Production of Trust: Institutional Sources of Economic Structure: 1840-1920. In: B. Staw (ed.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 8 (53-111). Greenwich: JAI Press.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.4467/24498939IJCM.17.046.8269