Ewolucja południowego wymiaru Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa po Arabskiej Wiośnie

• Autorzy: Anna Diawoł-Sitko

Warianty tytułu

The Evolution of the Southern Dimension of the European Neighborhood Policy after the Arab Spring

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem artykułu jest analiza ewolucji Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa - w szczególności jej wymiaru południowego - po Arabskiej Wiośnie. Od czasu tych wydarzeń Unia kilkukrotnie zmieniała dokumenty strategiczne EPS, próbując dostosować swą politykę do zmian zachodzących w regionie. Zainicjowana w 2004 r. polityka sąsiedztwa stała się jednym z najambitniejszych przedsięwzięć Unii Europejskiej wobec najbliższych sąsiadów Europy - oparta na doświadczeniach procesu akcesyjnego, zaoferowała partnerom pomoc finansową oraz integrację niemal we wszystkich obszarach współpracy. Równocześnie Unia położyła nacisk na reformy demokratyczne i przestrzeganie praw człowieka. Powstania arabskie postawiły jednak logikę i skuteczność polityki sąsiedztwa pod znakiem zapytania - w 2011 r. rozpoczął się proces zmian jej założeń, będący wyrazem konsensusu w instytucjach UE i państwach członkowskich co do konieczności dostosowania strategii współpracy z sąsiadami Unii, do rzeczywistych możliwości, wyzwań i problemów. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The evolution of the Southern dimension of the European Neighborhood Policy after the Arab Spring. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of the European Neighborhood Policy, in particular its Southern dimension, after the Arab Spring. Since then, the EU has changed the strategic documents of the ENP several times trying to adapt its policy to the change taking place in the region. The European Neighborhood Policy initiated in 2004 has become one of the most ambitious European Union policies towards its neighbors. Based on the experience of the accession process, it has offered an integration in almost all areas of cooperation and financial assistance. At the same time, the European Union emphasized democratic reforms and respect for human rights. The Arab uprisings put the logic and effectiveness of the neighborhood policy in question. In 2011, the process of changing policy assumptions towards partners began. This process is based on a broad consensus in the EU institutions and member states regarding the need to adjust cooperation strategies with the European Union's neighbors, to real challenges and problems, as well as partner countries' capabilities. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa; Arabska Wiosna

EN

European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP); Arab Spring

• Czasopismo: Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
• Rocznik: 2018
• Numer: nr 3 Stosunki międzynarodowe na Bliskim Wschodzie po Arabskiej Wiośnie
• Strony: 213--228

Twórcy

autor

Anna Diawoł-Sitko

• Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

Bibliografia

• Alcidi C., Trade and Investment in the Mediterranean: Country and Regional Perspectives, "EMNES Studies" 2017, No. 2, s. 11-36; http://emnes.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/emnes_study_002-trade-and-investment-in-the-mediterranean-country-and-regional-perspectives.pdf [dostęp: 10.08.2018].
• Aliboni R., EU Multilateral Relations with Southern Partners: Reflection on Future Prospects, "EU ISS Opinion" 2012, No. 2.
• Amato A., Rise and Decline of the European Neighborhood Policy, "Panorama Med." 2008, s. 153-157; http://www.iemed.org/anuari/2008/aarticles/EN153.pdf [dostęp: 10.06.2018].
• Amato A., The EU and a New Mediterranean policy, [w:] The Meditarranean as a New Center for Europe, "ISIG Journal" 2008, Vol. XVII, No. 3-4, s. 129-137.
• Balfour R., Changes and Continuities in EU-Mediterranean Relations after the Arab Spring, [w:] An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy, eds. S. Biscop, R. Baulfor, M. Emerson, Brussels 2012.
• Balfour R., EU Conditionality after the Arab Spring, "EuroMesco Paper" 2012, No. 16.
• Balfour R., Human Rights and Democracy in EU Foreign Policy: The Cases of Ukraine and Egypt, New York 2012.
• Barbé E., Herranz Surrallés A., Analysing Differentiation and Convergence in Euro-Mediterranean Relations, [w:] The Challenge of Differentiation in Euro-Mediterranean Relations: Flexible Regional Cooperation or Fragmentation, eds. E. Barbé, A. Herranz-Surrallés, New York 2013.
• Behr T., After the Revolution: The EU and the Arab Transition, "Policy Paper: Notre Europe" 2012, No. 54.
• Biscop S., Mediterranean Mayhem: Lessons for European Crisis Management?, [w:] An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy, eds. S. Biscop, R. Baulfor, M. Emerson, Brussels 2012.
• Blockmans S., The 2015 ENP Review: A Policy in Suspended Animation, "CEPS Commentary", 1.12.2015.
• Blockmans S., The ENP and 'More for More' Conditionality: Plus Que Ça Change, [w:] The European Union's Relations with the Southern-Mediterranean in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring, eds. G. Fernández Arribas, K. Pieters, T. Takács, Hague 2013.
• Blockmans S., The Obsolence of the European Neighboorhood Policy, CEPS, Brussels 2017.
• Borkowski P.J., Polityka sąsiedztwa Unii Europejskiej, Warszawa 2009.
• Boumghar L., L'Union pour la Méditerranée: Un Cadre Approprié pour une Ambition Mesurée, "EuroMesco Brief" 2013, No. 52, s. 3-15.
• Cassarino J.P., Reversing Hierarchy of Priorities in EU Mediterranean Relation, [w:] The European Union and the Arab Spring: Promoting Democracy and Human Rights, ed. J. Peters, Maryland 2013.
• Cebeci M., Schumacher T., The EU's Constructions of the Mediterranean (2003-2017), "MedReset Working Papers" 2017, No. 3, s. 7; http://www.academia.edu/33490596/The_EU_s_Constructions_of_the_Mediterranean_2003-2017_-_MEDRESET_Working_Papers_No._3_April_2017 [dostęp: 8.08.2018].
• Comelli M., Potential and Limits of EU Policies in the Neighbourhood, "Jacques Delors Institute: Policy Paper", 19.02.2013, s. 3 -4; https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/euneighbourhoodpolicy-comelli-ne-jdi-feb13.pdf [dostęp: 25.08.2018].
• Emerson M., Making Sense of Sarkozy's Union for the Mediterranean, "CEPS Policy Brief" 2008, No. 155.
• Fabry E., Martin N., Vincent L., The EU and its Neighbourhood: How to Stabilise the Ring of Fire?, "Jacques Delors Institute: Synthesis", 1.12.2017; http://www.institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/theeuanditsneighbourhood-vincentmartinfabry-synthesis-nov17.pdf?pdf=ok [dostęp: 12.08.2018].
• Fierro E., The EU's Approach to Human Rights Conditionality in Practice, Hague 2003.
• Ghafar A.A., Toward a Recalibration of EU-North Africa Relations, Brookings Institution 2017; https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/paper_toward-a-recalibration_english_web_final3.pdf [dostęp: 25.08.2018].
• Ghilès F., How Will Algeria Reinvent Itself?, "CIDOB: Notes Internacionals" 2013, No. 74.
• Gómez Isa F., Muñoz Nogal E., EU Promotion of Deep Democracy in the Southern Mediterranean: A Missed Opportunity?, European Commission, November 2016, s. 1-15; http://www.fp7-frame.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Deliverable-12.4.pdf [dostęp: 20.07.2018].
• Gunay C., Reality Check: Why the EU Needs to Rethink Its Neighbourhood Policy, "EuroMesco Papers" 2016, No. 29.
• Hollis T., No Friend of Democratization: Europe's Role in the Genesis of the 'Arab Spring', "International Affairs" 2012, Vol. 88, No. 1.
• Jonasson A.K., The EU's Democracy Promotion and the Mediterranean Neighbours: Orientation Ownership and Dialogue in Jordan and Turkey, New York 2013.
• Kausch K., End of the Southern Neighborhood, "EuroMeSCo Paper" 2013, No. 18.
• Khatib L., Political Participation and Democratic Transition in the Arab World, "Journal of International Law" 2013, Vol. 34, No. 2.
• Koenig N., Taking the ENP Beyond the Conception-Performance Gap, "Jacques Delors Institute: Policy Paper", 22.03.2012, s. 4-6; https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/enpstrategicorientation-koenig-jdib-mar16.pdf [dostęp: 10.08.2018].
• Kostanyan H., Assessing European Neighbourhood Policy. Perspectives from the Literature, Brussels 2017.
• Lannon E., The Mediterranean in the EU's 2016 Global Strategy: Connecting the Mediterranean, the Middle East and Africa, [w:] IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook, ed. S. Florensa, Barcelona 2017.
• Melyantsou D., Renewed EU Neighbourhood Policy: Old Methods for Stability, BISS BLITZ, 13.12.2015.
• Morillas P., From Policies to Politics: The European Union as an International Mediator in the Mediterranean, "EuroMesco Paper" 2015, No. 23.
• Morillas P., Soler E., The EU and the Arab Spring, One Year After. A vive from the North, "EuroMesco Brief" 2012, No. 39, s. 3-4; https://www.iemed.org/observatori-en/arees-danalisi/arxius-adjunts/copy_of_focus-en/85-Morillas.pdf [dostęp: 20.07.2018].
• Perelin J., The ENP in Interinstitutional Competition. An Instrument of Leadership for the Commission, [w:] Europe's Near Abroad: Promises and Prospects of the EU's Neighborhood Policy, eds. D. Mahncke, S. Gstöhl, Brussels 2008.
• Poli S., The European Neighbourhood Policy: Differentiation without Political Conditionality, "Yearbook of Polish European Studies" 2015, Vol. 18.
• Schumacher T., Back to the Future: The 'New' ENP towards the Southern Neighbourhood and the End of Ambition, "College of Europe Policy Brief, January" 2016, No. 1, s. 1-4; https://www.coleurope.eu/system/tdf/research-paper/schumacher_cepob_1-16.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=27371&force= [dostep: 12.08.2018].
• Seeberg P., Partnership and Security - Towards European Neighbourhood Policy 2.0, "Center for Mellemøststudier: News Analysis", December 2015, s. 1-5; https://www.eesc.europa.eu/resources/docs/towards-enp-20.pdf [dostęp: 3.09.2018].
• Simón L., Pertusot V., Making sense of Europe's Southern Neighbourhood: Main Geopolitical and Security Parameters, "Elcano Royal Institute: ARI" 2017, No. 10, s. 1-7; https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/fi les/atoms/files/making_sense_europe_southern_neighbourhood_simon_pertusot.pdf [dostęp: 8.08.2018].
• Smith K., The Use of Political Conditionality in the EU's Relations with Third Countries: How Effective?, "European Foreign Affairs Review" 1997, Vol. 3, No. 2.
• Solana J., Peril and Promise in Algeria, "Project Syndicate", 25.02.2016.
• The EU and Its Neighbor. Values Versus Security in European Foreign Policy, eds. G. Noutcheva, K. Pomorska, G. Bosse, Manchester 2013.
• Thépaut Ch., Can the EU Pressure Dictators? Reforming ENP Conditionality after the Arab Spring, "EU Diplomacy Paper" 2011, No. 6, s. 6; http://aei.pitt.edu/33451/1/EDP_6_2011_Th epaut%5B1%5D.pdf [dostęp: 20.08.2018].
• Tocci N., The European Union and the Arab Spring: A (Missed?) Opportunity to Revamp the European Neighbourhood Policy, "EuroMesco Brief" 2011, No. 2, s. 1-4.
• Whitman R.G., Juncos A.E., The Arab Spring, the Eurozone Crisis and the Neighbourhood: A Region in Flux, "Journal of Common Market Studies" 2012, Vol. 50.
• Witney N., Dennison S., Europe's Neighbourhood: Crisis as the New Normal, "ECFS Policy Memos" 2015, Issue 135: European Council on Foreign Relations, s. 2-9; https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/192243/Europes_Neighbourhood.pdf [dostęp: 8.08.2018].
• Youngs R., The EU and the Arab Spring: from Munificence to Geo-Strategy, "Fride. Policy Brief" 2011, No. 100, s. 1-6.
• Zając J., Unia Europejska wobec Bliskiego Wschodu po Arabskiej Wiośnie, "Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe" 2012, nr 1: Arabska Wiosna rok później, s. 317-330.