PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2019 | nr 1 (205) | 3--17
Tytuł artykułu

The Decline of Political Party Elite

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In this article, the author presents a claim that, in parallel to the end of mass parties, it is possible to observe the progressing decline of elites within political parties. This phenomenon manifests itself on the following three levels: 1) a theoretical level-less and less attention is paid to elites in the theory of political parties as their place is being taken over by other approaches, in particular leadership theory; 2) a terminological level-the notion of elites is being removed from analyses devoted to political parties and supplanted by other terms such us "leaders." They are sometimes considered as the synonyms of the word "elite"; 3) a factual level-there are strong reasons to presume that the decline in the importance of elites within political parties is an objective phenomenon related to the general revaluations taking place in contemporary political parties. Such revaluations cause changes in the distribution of power within political parties-party leaders and narrow groups of decision makers gain in importance at the expense of elites. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
3--17
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • University of Opole
Bibliografia
  • Aberdach, J., Putnam, R., Rockman, B. 1981. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Belloc, H., Chesterton, C. 1911. The Party System. London: Stephen Swift.
  • Bellucci, P., Garzia, D., Lewis-Beck, M.S. 2015. Issues and leaders as vote determinants, Party Politics 21 (2): 272-283.
  • von dem Berge, B., Poguntke, T. 2017. Varieties of Intra-Party Democracy: Conceptualization and Index Construction, in: S.E. Scarrow, P. D. Webb and T. Poguntke (eds.), Organizing Political Parties: Representation, Participation, and Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 136-157.
  • van Biezen, I., Mair, P., Poguntke, T. 2012. Going, going... gone? The decline of party membership in contemporary Europe, European Journal of Political Research 51: 24-56.
  • Bille, L. 2001. Democratizing a Democratic Procedure: Myth or Reality? Candidate Selection in Western European Parties, 1960-1990, Party Politics 7 (3): 63-80.
  • Borchert, J. 2003. Professional Politicians: Towards a Comparative Perspective, in: J. Borchert and J. Zeiss (eds.), The Political Class in Advanced Democracies. A Comparative Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-25.
  • Bryce, J. [1888] 1995. American Commonwealth. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
  • Campus, D. 2010. Mediatization and personalization of Politics in Italy and France: The Cases of Berlusconi and Sarkozy, Journal of Press/Politics 15 (2): 219-235.
  • Caramani, D. 2004. The Nationalization of Politics. The Formation of National Electorates and Party Systems in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Costa Lobo, M. 2014. Party and Electoral Leadership, in: R.A.W. Rhodes and P. 't Hart (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 362-375.
  • Cross, W.P. 2013. Party Leadership Selection and Intra-Party Democracy, in: W.P. Cross and R.S. Katz (eds.), The Challenges of Intra-party Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 100-115.
  • Dalton, R.J., Wattenberg, M.P. 2000. Unthinkable Democracy. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, in: R.J. Dalton and M.P. Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3-16.
  • Duverger, M. 1963. Political Parties. Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. New York: John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Garzia, D. 2014. Personalization of Politics and Electoral Change. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  • Grynaviski, J.D. 2010. Partisan Bonds. Political Reputations and Legislative Accountability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gunther, R., Diamond, L. 2003. Species of Political Parties: A New Typology, Party Politics 9: 3-39.
  • Harmel, R., Janda, K. 1982. Parties and their Environments. Limits to Reform?. New York: Longman.
  • Hazan, R.Y. 2002. Candidate Selection, in: L. LeDuc, R.G. Niemi and P. Norris (eds.), Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting. London: Sage pp. 108-126.
  • Hazan, R.Y., Rahat, G. 2010. Democracy within Parties. Candidate Selection Methods and Their Political Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hazan, R.Y., Voerman, G. 2006. Electoral Systems and Candidate Selection, Acta Politica 41: 146-162.
  • Heidar, K., Koole, R. 2000. Approaches to the study of parliamentary party groups, in: K. Heidar and R. Koole (eds.), Parliamentary Party Groups in European Democracies. Political parties behind Closed Doors. London: Routledge, pp. 4-22.
  • Heidar, K., Koole, R. 2000b. Parliamentary party groups compared, in: K. Heidar and R. Koole (eds.), Parliamentary Party Groups in European Democracies. Political Parties behind Closed Doors. London: Routledge, pp. 248-270.
  • Helms, L. 2014. When Leaders Are Not Good, in: J. Kane and H. Patapan (eds.), Good Democratic Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 51-69.
  • Hine, D. 1996. Political Parties and the Public Accountability of Leaders, in: J. Hayward (ed.), Elitism, Populism, and European Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press pp. 121-142.
  • Hopkin, J., Paolucci, C. 1999. The business firm model party organisation: cases from Spain and Italy, European Journal of Political Research 35 (3): 307-339.
  • Ignazi, P. 2017. Party and Democracy: The Uneven Road to Party Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jasiewicz, K. 2007. Poland: Party System by Default, in: P. Webb, S. White (eds.), Party Politics in New Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 85-118.
  • Johnston, M. 2005. Syndromes of Corruption. Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaase, M. 1994. Is there personalization in politics? Candidates and voting behavior in Germany, International Political Science Review 15: 211-230.
  • Katz, R.S. 1987. Party Government and its Alternatives, in: R.S. Katz (ed.), Party Governments: European and American Experiences. Berlin: de Gruyter.
  • Katz, R., Mair, P. 1995. Changing Models of Party Organization and party Democracy. The Emergence of the Cartel Party, Party Politics 1 (1): 5-28.
  • Kenig, O. 2009. Democratization of Party Leadership Selection: Do Wider Selectorates Produce More Competitive Contests?, Electoral Studies 28: 240-247.
  • Kirchheimer, O. 1990. The Catch-All Party, in: P. Mair (ed.), The West European Party System. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 50-60.
  • Kitschelt, H., Mansfeldowa, Z., Markowski, R., Toka, G. 1999. Post-Communist Part Systems. Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Krouvel, A. 2003. Otto Kirchheimer and the catch-all party, West European Politics 26 (2): 23-40.
  • Krouwel, A. 2006. Party Models, in: R.S. Katz and W. Crotty (eds.), Handbook of Party Politics. London: Sage, pp. 249-269.
  • Lipman-Blumen, J. 2005. The Allure of Toxic Leaders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Loxbo, K. 2011. The fate of intra-party democracy: Leadership autonomy and activist influence in the mass party and the cartel party, Party Politics 19 (4): 537-554.
  • Luther, K.R., Deschouwer, K. (eds.). 1999. Party Elites in Divided Societies. Political Parties in Consocational Democracy. London: Routledge.
  • Mack, Ch.S. 2010. When Parties Die. A Cross-National Analysis of Disalignment and Realignment. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
  • Mair, P. 1997. Party System Change. Approaches and Interpretations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mair, P., van Biezen, I. 2001. Party membership in Twenty European Democracies, 1980-2000, Party Politics 7 (5): 5-21.
  • Mair, P., Müller, W.C., Plasser, F. 2004. Conclusion: Political parties in Changing Electoral markets, in: P. Mair, W.C. Müller and F. Plasser (eds.), Political Parties and Electoral Change. Party Responses to Electoral Markets. London: SAGE Publications, pp. 264-274.
  • McKenzie, R.Y. 1955. British Political Parties. The Distribution of Power Within the Conservative and Labour Parties. Melbourn: William Heinemann Ltd.
  • Mény, Y. 1990. Government and Politics in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Michels, R. 1949. Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of the Modern Democracy. Glencoe: The Free Press.
  • Millard, F. 2004. Elections, Parties, and Representation in Post-Communist Europe. Houndmills: Palgrave.
  • Mughan, A. 2000. Media and the Presidentialization of Parliamentary Elections. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  • Müller, W.C., Strøm, K. 1999. Conclusions: Party Behavior and Representative democracy, in: W.C. Muller and K. Strom (eds.), Policy, Office, or Voters? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 279-309.
  • Norris, P. 1995. May's Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited: Leaders, Officers, Members and Voters in British Political Parties, Party Politics 1 (1): 29-47.
  • Ostrogorski, M. 1902. Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Pakulski, J., Körösényi, A. 2011. Toward Leader Democracy. London: Anthem Press.
  • Panebianco, A. 1988. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Poguntke, T., Webb, P. (eds.). 2005. The Presidentialization of Politics. A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Rachat, G. 2013. What is Democratic Candidate Selection?, in: W.P. Cross and R.S. Katz (eds.), The Challenges of Intra-party Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 136-149.
  • Sartori, G. 2005. Parties and Party Systems. A Framework for Analysis. Wivenhoe Park: ECPR Press.
  • Scarrow, S.E. 2000. Parties without Members? Party Organization in a Changing Electoral Environment, in: R.J. Dalton and M.P. Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 79-101.
  • Scarrow, S.E., Webb, P., Farrell, D.M. 2000. From Social Integration to Electoral Contestation: The Changing Distribution of Power within Political Parties, in: R.J. Dalton and M.P. Wattenberg (eds.), Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 129-51.
  • Tavits, M. 2013. Post-Communist Democracies and Party Organization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Von Beyme, K. 1985. Political Parties in Western Democracies. Gower: Aldershot.
  • Zuba, K. 2016. Power Holders: One Versus Many. Leadership and Elite Theories, Journal of Political Power 9 (2): 269-287.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171553767

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.