Controversies over the Moral Justification for Patent Protection in Biotechnology

• Autorzy: Adam Karbowski
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper discusses the controversies over the moral justification for patent protection in biotechnology. Special emphasis has been put on the controversy over the moral justification for patent protection of stem cells. By referring to arguments for (1) human dignity and (2) patentability criteria, the moral justifiability of patent protection of stem cells is in serious doubt. A whole section of the paper is devoted to the moral issues linked to patent protection in biotechnology and their political and economic significance. An attempt is made to solve some of the discussed problems, i.e., the introduction of decision criteria based on the system of values shared by the members of a given society. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Biotechnology; Patent protection; Morality; Scientific research

PL

Biotechnologia; Ochrona patentowa; Moralność; Badania naukowe

• Czasopismo: Annales : etyka w życiu gospodarczym
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 21
• Numer: nr 5
• Strony: 57--66

Twórcy

autor

Adam Karbowski

• Warsaw School of Economics

Bibliografia

• Alison, M. R., Poulsom, R., Forbes, S., & Wright N. A. (2002). An introduction to stem cells. Review, Journal of Pathology, 197, 419-423.
• Andorno, R. (2009). Human dignity and human rights as a common ground for a global ethics. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 34, 223-240.
• Bahadur, G., & Morrison, M. (2010). Patenting human pluripotent cells: Balancing commercial, academic and ethical interests. Human Reproduction, 25, 14-21.
• Bishop, A. E., Lee, D. K., & Polak, J. M. (2002). Embryonic stem cells. Review. Journal of Pathology, 197, 424-429.
• Blau, H. M., Brazelton, T. R., & Weissman, J. M. (2001). The evolving concept of stem cell: entity or function. Cell, 105, 829-841.
• Boldrin, M., & Levine, D. K. (2013). The case against patents. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27, 3-22.
• Chakma, J., Sammut, S. M., & Agrawal, A. (2013). Life sciences venture capital in emerging markets. Nature Biotechnology, 31, 195-201.
• Cogle, C. R., Guthrie, S. M., Sanders, R. C., Allen, W. L., Scott, E. W., & Petersen, B. E. (2003). An overview of stem cell research and regulatory issues. Mayo Clin. Proc., 8, 993-1003.
• Devaiah, V. H. (2010). Impact of bioethics on patentability of inventions. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 7, 14-17.
• Drahos, P. (1999). Biotechnology patents, markets and morality. E.I.P.R., 21, 441-449.
• Grubb, P. W. (2004). Patents for chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology: Fundamentals of global law, practice and strategy. Oxford University Press.
• Habermas, J. (2003). Przyszłość natury ludzkiej. Czy zmierzamy do eugeniki liberalnej? Warszawa: Scholar.
• Holland, S., Lebacqz, K., & Zoloth, L. (2001). The human embryonic stem cell debate: Science, ethics, and public policy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
• Inoue, H., Nagata, N., Kurokawa, H., & Yamanaka, S. (2014). iPS cells: a game changer for future medicine. EMBO Journal, 33, 409-417.
• Kamieniarz, K., Nawrot, R., Grajek, K., & Goździcka-Józefiak, A. (2006). Biotechnologia w medycynie regeneracyjnej i reprodukcyjnej. Biotechnologia, 73, 31-48.
• Kant, I. (2014). Uzasadnienie metafizyki moralności. Kęty: Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki.
• Karbowski, A. (2017). Kontrowersje związane z moralnym uzasadnieniem ochrony patentowej w biotechnologii. Annales. Ethics in Economic Life, 20(1), 83-94.
• Karbowski, A., & Prokop, J. (2013). Controversy over the economic justifications for patent protection. Procedia - Economics and Finance, 5, 393-402.
• Khachiauri, S. (2012). Human embryonic stem cell controversy (Patents involving ethical and human rights concern). Lund University.
• Krueger, A. O. (1974). The political economy of the rent-seeking society. American Economic Review, 64, 291-303.
• Lemke, T. (2010). Biopolityka (T. Dominiak, Trans.). Warszawa: Sic!
• Liberda, Z. B. (2008). Patenty w skali światowej i w poszczególnych krajach. In A. Zachorowska-Mazurkiewicz, & E. Okoń-Horodyńska (Eds.), Tendencje innowacyjnego rozwoju polskich przedsiębiorstw. Warszawa: Instytut Wiedzy i Innowacji.
• Looney, B. (1994). Should genes be patented? Law and Policy in International Business, 26, 231-272.
• Machlup, F. (1958). An economic review of the patent system. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
• Oman, R. (1995). Biotech patenting issues raise ethical concerns. National Law Journal, 17, C42.
• Puri, M. C., & Nagy, A. (2012). Concise review: Embryonic stem cells versus induced pluripotent stem cells: The game is on. Stem Cells, 30, 10-14.
• Resnik, D. B. (2004). Owning the genome: A moral analysis of DNA patenting. New York: State University of New York Press.
• Resnik, D. B. (2007). Embryonic stem cell patents and human dignity. Health Care Analysis, 15, 211-222.
• Rothhaar, M. (2010). Human dignity and human rights in bioethics: The Kantian approach. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 13, 251-257.
• Senser, O. (2009). Kant's conception of human dignity. Kant Studien, 100, 309-331.
• Sikora, M., & Olszewski, W. (2004). Komórki macierzyste - biologia i zasto-sowanie terapeutyczne. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej, 58, 202-208.
• Sterckx, S. (2006). The moral justifiability of patents. Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network, 13, 249-265.
• Warrington, A. M. (1964). Private and public morality. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 90, 1326.
• Wiśniewska, J. (2008). Motywy podejmowania bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. Przegląd Organizacji, 12, 19-23.
• Wojciszke, B. (2011). Psychologia społeczna. Warszawa: Scholar.
• Yamanaka, S. (2012). Induced pluripotent stem cells: Past, present and future. Cell Stem Cell, 10, 678-684.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18778/1899-2226.21.5.05