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2018 | nr 1-2 (96-97) | 41--70
Tytuł artykułu

Economic Models and Ceteris Normalibus Laws

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Modele ekonomiczne i prawa ceteris normalibus
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper focuses on the nature of economic laws. Rather than conceptualizing such laws in ceteris paribus terms, it claims that economic laws should be read using ceteris normalibus clause, namely that they are only valid in normal conditions. Two understandings of such conditions are proposed. First, economic laws are always true in appropriate theoretical models. Also, the closer a given empirical domain to the model's structure is, the higher probability that the model's insights (i.e., economic laws) are to correctly explain the workings of such a domain. Nevertheless, isomorphism between models and empirical domains is never perfect and thus economic laws only describe tendencies in economic realm. Here comes second understanding of ceteris normalibus laws in economics, precisely they do not describe regularities, but they refer to capacities and powers. They state what is in nature of a given factor to produce. Thus, such economic laws are normic laws. While investigating the nature of economic laws this paper also offers a brief study of the history of ceteris paribus clause in economics as well as it refers to an interesting debate on the nature of economic models and laws which is offered in D. Rodrik's 2015 book Economics Rules.(original abstract)
W artykule omówiono charakter praw ekonomicznych. Zamiast rozumieć je w kategoriach ceteris paribus, twierdzi się, że prawa ekonomiczne powinny być opatrzone klauzulą ceteris normalibus, która może być rozumiana w dwojaki sposób. Po pierwsze, jako stwierdzenie, że dane prawo jest prawdziwe tylko w warunkach określonego modelu. W takiej sytuacji, im dana domena empiryczna jest bliższa strukturze modelu, tym wyższe prawdopodobieństwo, że konkluzje modelu (tj. prawa ekonomiczne) poprawnie opisują tę domenę. Jednak nigdy nie mamy do czynienia z pełnym izomorfizmem między modelami a ich domenami empirycznymi, a więc prawa ekonomiczne opisują jedynie tendencje w rzeczywistości empirycznej. Dochodzimy więc do innego rozumienia klauzuli ceteris normalibus: prawa nią opatrzone nie opisują regularności, ale odnoszą się do potencjalności i możności. Określają to, czego powodowanie leży w naturze danego czynnika sprawczego. Takie prawa nazywamy prawami normalnościowymi (normic laws). W artykule, badając naturę praw ekonomicznych, przedstawiono również historię zastosowania klauzuli ceteris paribus w ekonomii. Ponadto niniejszy artykuł nawiązuje do interesującej debaty dotyczącej modeli i praw ekonomicznych, zawartej w książce D. Rodrika Economics Rules z 2015 roku.(abstrakt oryginalny)
Twórcy
  • University of Warsaw, Poland
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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Identyfikator YADDA
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