Bioaktywne fitozwiązki w chemoprewencji przewlekłych chorób niezakaźnych - owoce i warzywa czy suplementy diety?

• Autorzy: Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk , Agnieszka Bartoszek

Warianty tytułu

Bioactive Phytochemicals in Chemoprevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: Fruits and Vegetables or Dietary Supplements?

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Z raportu Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO) z 2014 r. wynika, że przewlekłe choroby niezakaźne (NCDs), czyli tzw. choroby cywilizacyjne, do których zalicza się m.in. choroby układu krążenia, przewlekłe choroby układu oddechowego, nowotwory, czy cukrzycę typu 2, stanowią obecnie bezpośrednią przyczynę ponad 50 % przedwczesnych zgonów na świecie. W badaniach ostatnich 20 lat dowiedziono, że sposób odżywiania jest głównym czynnikiem wpływającym na zagrożenie tymi chorobami. Z drugiej strony rosnąca wiedza konsumentów na temat właściwości chemoprewencyjnych pewnych składników żywności, przede wszystkim pochodzenia roślinnego, umożliwiła wykorzystanie niektórych roślin jadalnych w profilaktyce chorób przewlekłych. Prozdrowotne działanie tych produktów najczęściej związane jest z obecnością przeciwutleniaczy, które mogą wpływać na wiele istotnych mechanizmów biologicznych o kluczowym znaczeniu dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu ludzkiego. W licznych badaniach wykazano silne działanie fizjologiczne m.in. bioaktywnych fenoli roślinnych. Obserwacje te doczekały się komercjalizacji w postaci masowej produkcji suplementów diety wzbogaconych w substancje określane mianem przeciwutleniaczy, mimo że ich właściwości chemiczne nie zawsze uzasadniały użycie tego terminu. W badaniach epidemiologicznych dowiedziono, że nadmierne oczekiwania przedsiębiorców nie były w pełni uzasadnione. Okazało się, że wyizolowane bioaktywne fitozwiązki mogą nie być już tak skutecznymi czynnikami chemoprewencyjnymi, jak zawierające je owoce lub warzywa. W niniejszej pracy podjęto próbę krytycznej oceny takiego stanu rzeczy. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

According to the report produced in 2014 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), i.e. the so-called diseases of civilization that include inter alia cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer or type 2 diabetes, are now an immediate cause of more than 50 % of all premature deaths worldwide. The research carried out over the past 20 years proved that the diet was an essential factor to influence the risk of those diseases. On the other hand the growing consumer knowledge of chemopreventive properties of certain food ingredients, in particular of those derived from plants, made it possible to use some edible plants to prevent chronic diseases. Health promoting properties of those foods are mostly associated with the presence of antioxidants that may affect many essential biological mechanisms of critical importance for the proper functioning of human body. In numerous research studies strong physiological effects of, among others, bioactive plant phenols were demonstrated. Those observations have become commercialized in the form of mass production of dietary supplements enriched with the substances referred to as antioxidants, although their chemical properties did not always justified the use of this term. In the epidemiological studies it was proved that the expectations of entrepreneurs were not fully reasoned. It turned out that the isolated bioactive phytochemicals might not be as effective as chemopreventive factors as were the fruits or vegetables containing them. In the paper it was attempted to critically assess the reasons of this situation. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Żywność; Choroby cywilizacyjne; Choroby nowotworowe; Zdrowie; Zachowania zdrowotne; Profilaktyka zdrowotna

EN

Food; Civilization diseases; Cancer; Health; Health behaviours; Preventive health care

• Czasopismo: Żywność: nauka - technologia - jakość
• Rocznik: 26 (2019)
• Numer: nr 1 (118)
• Strony: 5--14

Twórcy

autor

Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk

• Politechnika Gdańska

autor

Agnieszka Bartoszek

• Politechnika Gdańska

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15193/zntj/2019/118/269