Institutional Weaknesses of Ukraine's National Innovation System and Their Consequences for the Country's International Competitiveness

• Autorzy: Krzysztof Falkowski

Warianty tytułu

Instytucjonalne słabości Narodowego Systemu Innowacji na Ukrainie i ich konsekwencje dla jej międzynarodowej konkurencyjności

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the article is to identify the main institutional weaknesses of Ukraine's National Innovation System and to try to determine their consequences for the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy in terms of international trade in high-technology and medium-high-technology goods, i.e. those created in industries based on knowledge and modern technologies. In other words, to examine whether and how Ukraine's competitiveness in trade in these goods is changing in the face of the existing institutional weaknesses of its National Innovation System. In order to analyse the country competitiveness in international trade, B. Balassa's method of analyzing revealed comparative advantages was applied. The in-depth analysis of the dynamics of the revealed comparative advantages in Ukrainian exports in the years 2001-2016 clearly shows that the Ukrainian economy not only did not have any long-term comparative advantages in trade in high-technology and medium-high-technology goods in this period, but also its competitive position deteriorated in this respect. This should be attributed to strong institutional weaknesses within Ukraine's National Innovation System, which significantly lower the effectiveness of this system and also reduce the ability to create and commercialise knowledge and innovation, as reflected in the lack of competitiveness of its economy in trade in high-technology goods. (original abstract)

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie głównych słabości instytucjonalnych ukraińskiego Narodowego Systemu Innowacji oraz próba określenia konsekwencji ich występowania dla konkurencyjności gospodarki Ukrainy w zakresie międzynarodowego handlu towarami z grupy wysokiej oraz średnio-wysokiej techniki, a więc tymi, które powstają w przemysłach bazujących na wiedzy i nowoczesnych technologiach. Innymi słowy sprawdzenie, czy i jak zmienia się konkurencyjność Ukrainy w handlu tymi towarami w obliczu istniejących określonych słabości instytucjonalnych Narodowego Systemu Innowacji. W celu analizy poziomu konkurencyjności Ukrainy w handlu międzynarodowym zastosowano metodę analizy ujawnionych przewag komparatywnych B. Balassy. Z dokonanej pogłębionej analizy kształtowania się ujawnionych przewag komparatywnych w ukraińskim eksporcie w latach 2001-2016 jasno wynika, iż ukraińska gospodarka nie dość, że nie posiadała w tym okresie praktycznie żadnych długookresowych przewag komparatywnych w handlu towarami z grupy wysokiej oraz średnio-wysokiej techniki, to jeszcze jej pozycja konkurencyjna w tym zakresie się pogorszyła. Wiązać to należy ze znacznymi słabościami instytucjonalnymi istniejącymi w ramach Narodowego Systemu Innowacji Ukrainy, które znacznie zmniejszając efektywność owego systemu, zmniejszają także zdolność do kreacji i komercjalizacji wiedzy oraz innowacji, co znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w braku konkurencyjności jej gospodarki w handlu dobrami zaawansowanymi technologicznie. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

International competitiveness; National innovation system; Institutions

PL

Konkurencyjność międzynarodowa; Narodowy system innowacji; Instytucje

• Czasopismo: Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna
• Rocznik: 2019
• Numer: nr 3 (66)
• Strony: 17--41

Twórcy

autor

Krzysztof Falkowski

• Warsaw School of Economics, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.26399/meip.3(66).2019.26/k.falkowski