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India and Pakistan both faced widespread international condemnation following their 1998 nuclear tests. Today the two countries stand apart in the global nuclear order. Pakistan remains a nuclear outsider, while India has been labelled a responsible nuclear state and permitted access to exceptional civil nuclear trading rights. This article offers an explanation for the divergent international responses to India and Pakistan's decision to become nuclear-armed states. Rather than presenting a materialist explanation for the differing responses of the international community in terms of geopolitical, strategic and economic factors, or a normative approach that focuses on shifting conceptions of India and Pakistan's identities as political systems, we focus instead on changes in individual and collective perceptions of India's trustworthiness. At the base of the starkly contrasting response to a nuclear India and a nuclear Pakistan, we argue, is an assessment that India can be trusted with nuclear weapons, while Pakistan cannot. We show how India made the journey from nuclear rogue to nuclear partner and demonstrate where Pakistan fell short. We conclude with some reflections on perhaps the most important question that can be asked of states and leaders in the nuclear age: who can be trusted with the possession of nuclear weapons?(original abstract)
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- University of Oxford
autor
- University of Birmingham
Bibliografia
- G. Perkovich, Faulty Promises - The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal, Policy Outlook, No. 21, 7 September 2005, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- T. Dalton and M. Krepon, A Normal Nuclear Pakistan, Washington, D.C.: Stimson Center and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2015, p. 28.
- J. Hayes, 'Identity and Securitization in the Democratic Peace: The United States and the Divergence of Response to India and Iran's Nuclear Programs'," International Studies Quarterly", 2009, Vol. 53, pp. 977-999.
- B. Chellaney, Nuclear Proliferation: The U.S.-Indian Conflict, New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1993
- Frankel, 'Preface', in F. Frankel (ed.), Bridging the Non-Proliferation Divide: The United States and India, Delhi: Konark, 1995, pp. v-x.
- W. Walker, 'The UK, threshold status and responsible nuclear sovereignty', "International Affairs", 2010, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 447-464, p. 229.
- W. Walker and N. J. Wheeler, 'The Problem of Weak Nuclear States', :"The Nonproliferation Review", 2013, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 411-431.
- J. Ruzicka and N. J. Wheeler, 'The Puzzle of Trusting Relationships in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty',: International Affairs:, 2010, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 69-85.
- H. Gusterson, 'Nuclear weapons and the Other in the Western Imagination', "Cultural Anthropology", 1999, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 111-113.
- K. Sullivan, Is India a Responsible Nuclear Power?, RSIS Policy Report, March 2014, https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/is-india-a-responsible-nuclear/
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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