Ensuring Sustainable Energy as a Sign of Environmental Responsibility and Social Justice in European Union Members

• Autorzy: Barbara Kryk
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article aims to measure and assess the degree of providing sustainable energy in the European Union (EU) countries in the context of social and environmental responsibility and social justice as well as in the context of implementation of the 7th goal of Agenda 2030. Providing people with access to sustainable energy and increasing energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy is necessary to achieve the goals of the concept of sustainable development, the Agenda 2030, the Europe 2020 strategy, and the European energy policy. Ensuring sustainable energy is also a sign of environmental responsibility and social justice. Accurate evaluation of achievements in this area is a relatively new issue, both in economic practice and in modern economics, therefore, there is a need to develop ways for measuring access to sustainable energy other than the usual analysis of time-series of data in individual years, on which current studies are based. Hence, an attempt was made to use two methods belonging to cluster analysis (Ward method and k-means) in order to more effectively assess the degree of sustainable energy provision undertaken by EU countries. This is a novel approach in this area as it directs the article towards the research trend focused on the operationalization of the concept of sustainable development. In the study, available statistical data on 8 indicators for SDG 7, reported by Eurostat and established by the UN, were used, covering the years 2010 and 2016. The study enabled the grouping of EU countries by the degree of provision of sustainable energy and, thus, the determining of their environmental responsibility and social justice in this area. The study shows that past EU achievements in providing sustainable energy are not particularly spectacular; there is no country where they were completely satisfactory, they were quite satisfactory in only 14 countries, averagely satisfactory in 9 countries, and unsatisfactory in 5 countries. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Energy; Energy economics; Natural environment; Environmental protection; Social justice

PL

Energia; Gospodarka energetyczna; Środowisko przyrodnicze; Ochrona środowiska; Sprawiedliwość społeczna

• Czasopismo: Ekonomia i Środowisko
• Rocznik: 2019
• Numer: nr 4 (71)
• Strony: 138--162

Twórcy

autor

Barbara Kryk

• University of Szczecin, Poland

Bibliografia

• Borys T. (ed.) (2005), Wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju, Wydawnictwo Ekonomia i Środowisko, Warszawa - Białystok, pp. 68-78.
• Buszko A. (2012), Nowy sposób myślenia o ładzie ekonomicznym, Difin, Warszawa, p. 177.
• Cattell R. (1944), A note on correlation clusters and cluster search methods, "Psychometrica" No. 9, pp. 169-184.
• European Commission (2016), Clean Energy for all Europeans, COM 860 final, Brussels European Commission (2019), Package Clean Energy for all Europeans, Luxembourg, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/b4e46873-7528-11e9-9f05-aa75ed71a1/language-en?WT.mc_id = Searchresult & WT.ria_c = null& WT.ria_f = 3608 & WT.ria_ev = search, [02-11-2019].
• European Commission (2018), A Clean Planet for all European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy, COM 773 final, Brussels.
• European Commission (2016) Next steps for a sustainable European future European action for sustainability, COM (2016) 739 final, Brussels.
• European Commission (2019), Towards a Sustainable Europe by 2030, COM 22 final, ANNEXES 1 to 3, Brussels.
• Eurostat (2018), Sustainable development in the European Union, Monitoring Report On Progress Towards The SDGs In An Eu Context. Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, p. 132.
• Gore P. (2000), Cluster Analysis, in: H. Tinsley, S. Brown (eds.), Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling, Academic Press, San Diego.
• Hellwig Z. (1968), Application of the Taxonomic Method to the Countries Typology According to their Level of Development and the Structure of Resources and Qualified Staff (in Polish), "Statistical Review" No. 15(4), pp. 307-326.
• Jajuga K., Walesiak M., Bak A. (2003), On The General Distance Measure, others Exploratory Data Analysis in Empirical Research, in: M. Schwaiger, O. Opitz (eds.), Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 104-109.
• Kisielińska J., Stańko S. (2009). Multidimensional data analysis in agricultural economics, "Annals of Agricultural Sciences" No. 96(2), pp. 63-76.
• Komiyama H., Takeuchi K. (2006), Science: building a new discipline, "Sustainability Science", No. 1, p. 1-6, DOI 10.1007/s11625-006-0007-4
• Kryk B. (2019a), Measuring the provision of access to sustainable energy in the EU as a new task of modern economics in line with Agenda 2030, in: K. Nermend, M. Łatuszyńska (eds.), Experimental and Quantitative Methods in Contemporary Economics, Book Subtitle: Computational Methods in Experimental Economics (CMEE) 2019 Conference, Series Title: Springer Proceedings Business and Economics, pp. 323-334.
• Kryk B. (2019b), Providing sustainable energy in Poland in comparison to the European Union in light of the seventh goal of the 2030 agenda, "Ekonomia i Środowisko" No. 1(68), pp. 22-36.
• Kryk B. (2003), Rachunek sozoekonomiczny działalności gospodarczej na przykładzie energetyki zawodowej regionu szczecińskiego, Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Szczecin.
• Kukuła K. (1999), Metoda unitaryzacji zerowanej na tle wybranych metod normowania cech diagnostycznych, "Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis" No. 4, pp. 5-31.
• Kumar A. et al. (2017), A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development, "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews" No. 69, pp. 596-609, DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.191
• Latoszek E. (2016), Koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju w teorii i praktyce ONZ, in: E. Latoszek, M. Proczek, M. Krukowska (eds.), Zrównoważony rozwój a globalne dobra publiczne w teorii i praktyce organizacji międzynarodowych, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa, pp. 25-26.
• Lemaire X. (2010), Glossary of Terms in Sustainable Energy Regulation, "Renewable Energy and Efficiency Partnership" LG Action (2012), Project definition of sustainable energy, LG Action, http://www.lgaction.eu/index.php?id [30-09-2019].
• Lotko A., Lotko M. (2015), Zastosowanie analizy skupień do oceny zagrożeń zawodowych pracowników wiedzy i ich postaw wobec charakteru pracy, "Eksploatacja i Niezawodność" No. 17(1), pp. 1-23.
• Mardani A. et al. (2017), A review of multi-criteria decision-making applications to solve energy management problems: Two decades from 1995 to 2015, "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews" No. 71, p. 216-256, DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.053
• Migut G. (2009), Zastosowanie technik analizy skupień i drzew decyzyjnych do segmentacji rynku, StatSoft, Kraków.
• Niesenbaum R.A. (2005), A Review of: "Barlett, Peggy F. and Geoffrey W. Chase, eds. Sustainability on Campus: Stories for Strategy and Change", "Society & Natural Resources" Vol. 18, Issue 8, p. 775-777, DOI org/10.1080/08941920591005025
• Our Common Future (1987), Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Patterson W. (2009), Keeping the Lights On. Towards Sustainable Electricity, Earthscan, London, p. 14.
• Pawłowski A. (2011), Uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski a rozwój zrównoważony, in: D. Kiełczewski (ed.), Implementacyjne aspekty wdrażania zrównoważonego rozwoju, Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Białymstoku, Białystok, p. 242.
• Piontek F. (2000), Człowiek i jego środowisko w strategii wzrostu gospodarczego i w zrównoważonym (trwałym) rozwoju, "Problemy Ekologii" No. 5, pp. 177-189.
• Prandecki K. (2014a), Theoretical Aspects of Sustainable Energy, "Energy and Environmental Engineering" No. 2(4), pp. 83-90, http://www.hrpub.org, DOI: 10.13189/eee.2014.020401
• Prandecki K. (2014b), Teoretyczne podstawy zrównoważonej energetyki, "Studia Ekonomiczne" No. 166, Katowice, pp. 238-248.
• Radovanovic M., Ivanivic O.M., Teodorovic N. (2011), The review of the achieved degree of sustainable development in South-Eastern Europe-The use of linear regression method, "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews" No. 15(1), pp. 766-772, DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.064
• Salamaga M. (2010), Mierniki podobieństwa grupowania obiektów, "Wiadomości Statystyczne" No. 6(589), pp. 1-11.
• Shen K.-Y., Tzeng G.-H. (2018), Advances in Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Sustainability: Modeling and Applications, "Sustainability" No. 1, p. 1600, DOI:10.3390/su10051600
• Statistica PL, Volume III: Statystyki II (1997), StatSoft, Kraków.
• United Nations (2011), The Global Partnership for Development: Time to Deliver (MDG Gap Task Force Report).
• United Nations (2015), Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Resolution A/RES/70/1, sustainabledevelopment.un.org [30-09-2019].
• Tester J.W. et al. (2005), Sustainable Energy, Choosing Among Options, The MIT Press, London, p. XIX.
• Tryon R. (1939), Cluster Analysis, McGraw Hill, New York.
• Walesiak M. (1993), Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Marketing Research (in Polish), "Wrocław University of Economics, Research Papers" No. 654.

Identyfikatory

DOI

https://doi.org/10.34659/dc9e-jf91