Key Issues of Sustainable Lake Management

• Autorzy: Sándor Némethy , Gábor Molnár

Warianty tytułu

Kluczowe problemy związane ze zrównoważonym zarządzaniem jeziorem

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Water quality of lakes and watercourses is a critical factor in the successful management of natural resources. Poorly managed water will have a negative impact on the quality of the environment, agriculture, irrigation systems and the aesthetic values and standard of touristic facilities. Lake management should include the mitigation of climate change, which interacts with many anthropogenic factors to shift the biodiversity, physical and productivity baselines of food and agro-ecosystems and the structure of aquatic habitats. The adverse impact of climate change is enhanced by extreme water level fluctuations and human factors such as environmental pollution from waste water discharge, large scale agriculture and shoreline constructions reducing or eliminating valuable wetlands. Even for inland lakes, cross-sectoral interventions are vital to mitigate and also provide adaptation to climate change including the following: improvement of watersheds, to stabilize hydrological regimes and to increase aquatic and terrestrial vegetation without compromising biodiversity; keeping wetlands wet, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; maintaining freshwater connectivity of wetlands and utilizing their ability to act as natural filter systems protecting surface waters from contaminants (Björk, 1979; Crisman et al. 2005). This is essential for providing the lead time necessary to take full advantage of opportunities for minimizing or adapting to impacts, as well as for allowing adequate opportunity for the development of the necessary institutional and financial capacity to manage change. The ecosystems of lakes and their watershed areas will not be able to adapt to and mitigate climate change successfully without greatly increased investment for research on aquatic biodiversity at all levels (gene, species/population and ecosystem), as well as for policy-making and for building the institutions and human capacities to implement the best science available. Furthermore, the effective and efficient management of lakes requires a holistic management structure built on self-sustaining ecological cycles and the sustainable use of ecosystem services put into the context of economical and demographical conditions of sustainable local and regional development strategies. We propose to develop methods for ecologically acceptable water level regulations, promote organic agriculture applying grey water irrigation, stop leachate from landfills and control invasive species. Tourism facilities for the so called "second line" villages should be developed such as country tourism, health and spa tourism, agro-tourism and special tourism (even tourism for purposes of environmental education) to protected areas in order to take advantage of ecosystem services provided by the lakes in a sustainable way. (fragment of text)

Jeziora stanowią ważną grupę zasobów naturalnych ze względu na swój ekosystem i często unikalne kręgi kulturowe. Coraz poważniejszym problemem jest jednak zmiana klimatu, która szczególnie silnie wpływa na jeziora płytkie. Autorzy zanalizowali kluczowe czynniki zrównoważonego rozwoju lokalnego i regionalnego obszarów położonych w sąsiedztwie jezior. Dokonali też oceny zagrożeń dla środowiska, zanieczyszczenia, skutków rolnictwa prowadzonego na szeroką skalę, gospodarki odpadami i produkcji energii. Zaproponowali kompleksowy system zarządzania oparty o wiedzę interesariuszy oraz zasady rządzące holistycznym rozwojem regionalnym obszarów położonych nad jeziorami, które mają na celu zachowanie naturalnych ekosystemów bez uszczerbku dla ich zrównoważonego wykorzystania. Regionalna i lokalna produkcja oraz wykorzystanie energii ze źródeł odnawialnych mają zasadnicze znaczenie zarówno dla równowagi środowiska, jak i dla zrównoważonego rozwoju gospodarczego. Szczególną rolę odgrywa turystyka, gdyż głównie w turystyce wykorzystywany jest potencjał jezior. Niesie to ze sobą również ryzyko naruszenia naturalnych ekosystemów, które powstaje wówczas, gdy siłą napędową jest turystyka masowa i krótkowzroczne nastawienie na zysk. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Water container; Management; Sustainable development; Tourism

PL

Zbiorniki wodne; Zarządzanie; Rozwój zrównoważony; Turystyka

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Turystyki i Ekologii
• Rocznik: 2013
• Numer: R. II, t. 4, nr 2
• Strony: 24--53

Twórcy

autor

Sándor Némethy

• University of Göteborg, Sweden; WSTiE, Sucha Beskidzka, Poland

autor

Gábor Molnár

• Lake Balaton Development Coordination Agency (LBDCA), Siófok, Hungary

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